By Suzanne Maher
List of Foods Containing Nano Particles, & Organic….Not So Organic
https://byebyebluesky.com/list-of-food-containing-nano-particles-organic-not-so-organic/
Do you trust your government to provide food safety security measures? If you do, then you shouldn’t, we are on our own.
This is very important information about the contamination of our food supply, our clothing, our cookware, our supplements, you name it through nano particulate delivery systems. Nano particulates require a ligand (binder) to deliver whatever it is they are putting in our bodies. This would be either a nano metal or a nano carbon most likely graphene which would be the carbon nano tubes or fullerines delivering a payload….can you say toxic?
Graphene is harder than diamond, one million times thinner than a human hair, 300 times stronger than steel and 1,000 times more conductive than silicon. The composition of this carbon makes it extremely difficult to remove and will self replicate and self assemble inside our bodies.
Our bodies have no firewall against nano delivery. The particles are too small to recognize. The FDA does not maintain a list of food products that contain nano delivery; go figure. Nano titanium and nano silica have been shown to cause cancer and they are in many of our food items and nutritional supplements.
Please review this video to see the list of items you need to avoid.
--------------
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Showing posts with label Nano Poisoning. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nano Poisoning. Show all posts
Monday, July 12, 2021
Tuesday, July 21, 2020
Cooties-91 Is Nano And Michael Chapala's Giant Coil Treatment Can EMP It
Well Duh?!
Actually, I kinda sorta figured that one out ALL on my own. Especially since Morgellons and this NCOV has the same problem with the blood, iron and oxygen deprivation thingy. That is when I figured it out. And showed to Jimmy Pitticus, the iodine guy, and he said the same thing.
And this...
Covid-19 had us all fooled, but now we might have finally found its secret. https://messiahmews.blogspot.com/2020/04/covid-19-had-us-all-fooled-but-now-we.html
http://dailymessenger.blogspot.com/2020/04/april-10-2020.html
"The past 48 hours or so have seen a huge revelation: COVID-19 causes prolonged and progressive hypoxia (starving your body of oxygen) by binding to the heme groups in hemoglobin in your red blood cells. People are simply desaturating (losing o2 in their blood), and that’s what eventually leads to organ failures that kill them, not any form of ARDS or pneumonia. All the damage to the lungs you see in CT scans are from the release of oxidative iron from the hemes, this overwhelms the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and causes that nice, always-bilateral ground glass opacity in the lungs. Patients returning for re-hospitalization days or weeks after recovery suffering from apparent delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy strengthen the notion COVID-19 patients are suffering from hypoxia despite no signs of respiratory ‘tire out’ or fatigue."
Both Morgellon's and Corona causes the oxygen starvation.
And how many years have they passed this nano in vaccines, food and chemtrails?
Majority have reached the saturation point, as Tony Pantalleresco has described in his videos and podcasts.
-
-
-
-
And Michael gets a lot of hate directed at him. He's already received threats because of what he does to help people.
So we need help here in raising the $$$$ to get it done. We are being hit with stuff here. Both of us with our teeth and unable to smile, and nothing seems to help as it does others, because the nano is constantly blocking any mineral absorption. Running into one freaking roadblock after another trying to borrow and/or raise the $$$$. Forget the summit stuff, because NO ONE is interested nor cares to learn how to take care of themselves. And the only time either of our children call us or whatever, is only when they want something from us. But are pretty scarce when we need help in return. We are always willing to support and help our children, but we won't always be here for them.
We would appreciate any and all help, no matter the size or amount.
https://www.paypal.me/messiahmews
Been detoxing this and that constantly, but what's the point, when they keep spraying our skies? Trump did NOT end the chemtrails as many think that he had. We like our president, but this stuff continues, as well as forced vaccines, forced medical treatments, contact traitors, with no end in sight.
We try to put the best health information out there, because many others HAVE been helped with some of this info. I get the testimonies from people from time to time, and that does make me feel like I've accomplished something. A local friend was able to regenerate some of her own teeth from all the things posted, but yet it's not working on ours, because of this nano problem blocking it. People think we're all hunky dory here, but we're not. There are no words that exist in any dictionary to describe the intense sadness and frustration we feel here.
And prayers too. We definitely can use any and all prayers.
Enjoy Michael's video. Am glad to see the others getting help that they need to be free of all this hell unleashed on us all. We'd like the same.
-
Actually, I kinda sorta figured that one out ALL on my own. Especially since Morgellons and this NCOV has the same problem with the blood, iron and oxygen deprivation thingy. That is when I figured it out. And showed to Jimmy Pitticus, the iodine guy, and he said the same thing.
 |
| “Morgellons” is deadly, as it removes ferros2 from hemoglobin and creates ferros3 (a stronger ionic bond) so that red blood cells can no longer carry oxygen in & WASTE CO2 OUT. suffocation results in death." https://messiahmews.blogspot.com/2018/01/morgellons-this-is-what-is-happening.html |
Covid-19 had us all fooled, but now we might have finally found its secret. https://messiahmews.blogspot.com/2020/04/covid-19-had-us-all-fooled-but-now-we.html
http://dailymessenger.blogspot.com/2020/04/april-10-2020.html
"The past 48 hours or so have seen a huge revelation: COVID-19 causes prolonged and progressive hypoxia (starving your body of oxygen) by binding to the heme groups in hemoglobin in your red blood cells. People are simply desaturating (losing o2 in their blood), and that’s what eventually leads to organ failures that kill them, not any form of ARDS or pneumonia. All the damage to the lungs you see in CT scans are from the release of oxidative iron from the hemes, this overwhelms the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and causes that nice, always-bilateral ground glass opacity in the lungs. Patients returning for re-hospitalization days or weeks after recovery suffering from apparent delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy strengthen the notion COVID-19 patients are suffering from hypoxia despite no signs of respiratory ‘tire out’ or fatigue."
Both Morgellon's and Corona causes the oxygen starvation.
And how many years have they passed this nano in vaccines, food and chemtrails?
Majority have reached the saturation point, as Tony Pantalleresco has described in his videos and podcasts.
-
-
-
-
And Michael gets a lot of hate directed at him. He's already received threats because of what he does to help people.
So we need help here in raising the $$$$ to get it done. We are being hit with stuff here. Both of us with our teeth and unable to smile, and nothing seems to help as it does others, because the nano is constantly blocking any mineral absorption. Running into one freaking roadblock after another trying to borrow and/or raise the $$$$. Forget the summit stuff, because NO ONE is interested nor cares to learn how to take care of themselves. And the only time either of our children call us or whatever, is only when they want something from us. But are pretty scarce when we need help in return. We are always willing to support and help our children, but we won't always be here for them.
We would appreciate any and all help, no matter the size or amount.
https://www.paypal.me/messiahmews
Been detoxing this and that constantly, but what's the point, when they keep spraying our skies? Trump did NOT end the chemtrails as many think that he had. We like our president, but this stuff continues, as well as forced vaccines, forced medical treatments, contact traitors, with no end in sight.
We try to put the best health information out there, because many others HAVE been helped with some of this info. I get the testimonies from people from time to time, and that does make me feel like I've accomplished something. A local friend was able to regenerate some of her own teeth from all the things posted, but yet it's not working on ours, because of this nano problem blocking it. People think we're all hunky dory here, but we're not. There are no words that exist in any dictionary to describe the intense sadness and frustration we feel here.
And prayers too. We definitely can use any and all prayers.
Enjoy Michael's video. Am glad to see the others getting help that they need to be free of all this hell unleashed on us all. We'd like the same.
-
Friday, July 10, 2020
Smart Dust - Microscopic electronics in chem trails causing Morgellons
Michael Chapala
Admin · 1 hr
Smart Dust - Microscopic electronics in chem trails causing Morgellons. The same stuff placed in the food and drinks of TIs causing them to hear V2K that allows them to be harassed and tracked. It comes in all different colors. I believe the different colors represent different functions. I want to show the World in a video how dangerous this Nano is. Contact me because I want to buy your smart dust. (832) 343-5425
-
Admin · 1 hr
Smart Dust - Microscopic electronics in chem trails causing Morgellons. The same stuff placed in the food and drinks of TIs causing them to hear V2K that allows them to be harassed and tracked. It comes in all different colors. I believe the different colors represent different functions. I want to show the World in a video how dangerous this Nano is. Contact me because I want to buy your smart dust. (832) 343-5425
-
Friday, July 19, 2019
REMEDY restore brain chemistry after frequency bombardment
Original Podcast:
https://www.podbean.com/site/EpisodeDownload/PBA06939KKZFC
42:10 remedy for TIs hit by frequencies
niacinamide (vitamin B-3) 500mg
potassium chloride 100 mg
magnesium chloride 100 mg
dosage: every three hours; five times per day
His suggestion to farmers coordinate together to release pigs to make the infidels leave an area, because they would make an area "unclean" and cause those rapists to leave.
"You don't need guns, you don't need bombs, you don't needs bullets. All you need is pigs!" LMAO!
 |
| Apply the Pig Concept! |
Someone's notes from the show:
- 5 grams of MSM ,
- Extract in alcohol base of GARLIC. If you feel any heart palpitations.
SULFUR from Garlic which CONVERTS TO DMSO.
Chelates these products.
Downloading our data.
Dying for nothing.
Sad but TRUE!!
B-12, B-3, nootropics.
Improves memory.
Brain function.
Nano - Bio War-Fare.
Wild life are all dying.
Dogs and cats as well.
Children are getting cancer.
Lesions on face.
Drastic changes in face.
Discharges from vagina.
They are putting TITANIUM in men's deodorant that affects and places estrogen levels in men and shredding of their testicles. Men have estrogen levels raised.
-
Sunday, August 26, 2018
Friday, August 24, 2018
LOOKoutFA.CHARLIE - LULZ CO SURV - ZEC9 AUDIO FORENSICS: 2017 - THE END OF ELECTRONIC HARASSMENT SYMPTOMS
LOOKoutFA.CHARLIE - LULZ CO SURV - ZEC9 AUDIO FORENSICS: 2017 - THE END OF ELECTRONIC HARASSMENT SYMPTOMS:
The title of this blog is the title of a video I put up on YouTube on January 13, 2017. In the video, I detailed how you can remove a blood infection / fungal infection from your body that acts like an antenna / glue. It allows particles in the environment to stick to your body and then be covered up by layers and layers of invisible, skin-looking film. These ferromagnetic particles (some call them nanos) are responsible for electronic harassment symptoms. This simple system is the sensitizer that makes the body sensitive to electromagnetic signals.
100% of Targeted Individuals have this infection. 100% of targets that I have worked with personally have this infection. After I got this stuff off my skin, 100% of my targeting symptoms went away. This is not a joke. 100% of my symptoms are gone. I made myself the "white rabbit" for this. I bled and cracked for it, I lost sleep for it, I obsessed for it, I spent weeks feeling like I had 3rd degree burns all over my body from trying different things. After enough research and hands on experiments, I figured out what it was and what it was doing. I'm passing this information to you. I'm always doing more experiments to find new things and figure out ways to end these issues faster. So please consider donating here - DONATE HERE
Here's the video -
The particles you will find within this film can be -
Red Specks
Blue Specks
Black specs that look like pepper
Short, Black, wiry fibers
clear / white fibers that resemble fiberglass
Other particles can be found as well. Document what you find when doing the treatment
Skin may look dark in areas due to being infested with these particles. It may look like a dark tan, a bruise on the elbow, dark spots on hips, feet, etc.
LOOKOUTFA CHARLIE'S
PET (PARTICLE EXPULSION TREATMENT)
OUTSIDE YOUR BODY (SKIN AND HOME)
Quit using laundry detergent and always use a dryer
EPSOM SALT - You will bathe with at LEAST five cups of epsom salt in the bath every day. You MUST stay in for at LEAST 30-40 minutes. Keep the water as hot as you can stand it. If you can afford to use more Epsom, do it. While in the tub, rub your shins, legs, sides and all other parts of your body with your hands. Usually, between 4 to 7 days, you will start to peel from the baths. It will resemble a sunburn. This is the first sign that this practically invisible fungus/glue/film which has been on your for years is starting to break up. Don't stop. Keep taking the baths and washing this off. Use something so that the tub drains slowly. Collect what is in the tub (gross, right?). You want to analyze it with a magnifier or jeweler's loupe. You will see what is trapped against your real skin by the layers of this stuff. Now you are on your way to ridding yourself of your symptoms.
BORAX - Use it in your laundry, use a cup in the shower to wash with. You can mix it with Palm Olive anti-bacterial dish soap with L-Lactic acid. You can also drink BORAX/BORON. It's an anti-fungal and pulls things from the system. Only use a teaspoon or two in 32 ounces of water. The truth about Borax is that it's only slightly more toxic than table salt.
BAR SOAP - If you need to use soap, use old school original Dial soap. Made with Lye.
PALM OLIVE antibacterial dish soap with L-Lactic Acid. Use it on dishes, in the
shower and as a way to shock this stuff. If you put this on a troubled area and just let it sit there, it will start to dry up and harden. 2-5 days later, if it is bad enough, it can break off in shards. I've included a picture from when I was first treating myself. That broken stuff is the film. My real skin is underneath. That's my armpit. I knew there was something on my skin. But no one else could see it. After I killed that spot, I never got another twitch, thumping, pulsing, zap or vibration in that area again. Same goes for the rest of my body. Hot photo, right?
LIME SULPHUR DIP. It's a fungicide. You mix 4 ounces to a gallon of water. Spray it on yourself. In the shower is good. Get yourself as soaked and water logged as you can in the shower or bath...then spray it on everywhere. You can use it in the tub as well or use it WHILE you are in the shower too.
Weaker / Sleep with it on kind of stuff -
HONEY - Works on the face and everywhere else at night. Good to sleep with.
VICK'S VAPOR RUB - Contains oils that break this fungus down. Not so hardcore...but good to sleep with.
BODY (INSIDE) -
BENTONITE CLAY - It's a liquid clay. You drink it with water. This stuff is amazing. It acts like a magnet a draws all of this stuff out of the gut. Worth it's weight in gold. Use it everyday. The first week may make you a little sick...but after that, it's just like drinking milk or anything else.
ORGANIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR - Drink a shot or more every day.
POTASSIUM IODIDE (Iodine) Pills or Drops - Use them. I use the drops daily as maintenance.
POTASSIUM IODIDE POWDER - GRADE KI - TO MAKE SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI) - This is the killer. You will use this to treat Sporotrichosis or Lymphatic Sporotrichosis which is part of the fungal infection you have. Research how to treat Sporotrichosis with Potassium Iodide. You will get your dosages there. This is the assassin that takes care of this infection for good. You will just do maintenance after this. However, it's always good to either use a little or keep some around just in case.
MAGNESIUM - Take a good magnesium supplement.
MULTIVITAMIN - GET A GOOD MULTIVITAMIN - A good chewable would be best considering everything else that we're pushing through our system.
Vitamin B - All you can get
SUN CHLORELLA - Single celled algae superfood with a split cell wall. Tastes like fish food smells. But is excellent for you. Regenerates you. My Mom introduced me to it when I was a kid. She was ahead of her time.
OIL OF OREGANO - Kills this stuff dead on the inside. Take geltabs. They can be popped with a needle and used on troubled spots of the skin.
POTASSIUM ASPOROTATE - Get capsules. Take a couple a day.
BORON PILLS and/or BORON BORAX - Wonder mineral. Even pulls heavy metals and flouride from as deep as your bones. But the main reason is that this is a fungicide. Use it. Contrary to popular belief, Borax is only slightly more toxic than table salt. So you can take it right out of the box too. Just don't over-do it.
KEEP YOUR MOUTH CLEAN - Gargle with mouthwash. Gargle with borax. Just a little. Don't over-do this stuff. Trust me. I've bled and suffered for these experiments. Over-doing it doesn't speed anything up. You'll just get sicker from the Herx reaction.
I'll keep adding to this. I'm also working on new things constantly and working on a test that can show that someone is targeted. Yes, a physical test.
Post your comments and post your progress below. Also, I won't argue this topic on this page. I will just ignore or delete the comment. This is for moving forward. I don't care if this doesn't fit into your current belief system. For the rest of you - Rock it out! Enjoy 2017 by sticking it to the pricks and jacking up their program! The whole thing just brings a smile to my face!
We have keywords. They are -
Electronic harassment, microwave audio, targeted individual, individuals, dew, directed energy weapon, weapons, laser, radar, radiation, audio, sound, ultrasound, infrasound, TI, Tis, exotic weapons, silent sound, government, nsa, cia, fbi, mossad, g4s, security, kroll, 911, mkultra, mind, mind control, gang stalking, gang stalkers, perps, perp, v2k, voice to skull, evidence, lawsuit, elf, ulf, uhf, vhf, heterodyning, ferromagnetic, cointelpro, aluminum, barium, chemtrails, zinc, drone, evp, morgellons, political, targeting
-----
Also on here...
http://educate-yourself.org/cn/How-to-Stop-Electronic-Harassment-via-Nano-Fungal-Infection005jun17.shtml
POTASSIUM IODIDE POWDER - GRADE KI - TO MAKE SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI)
-
The title of this blog is the title of a video I put up on YouTube on January 13, 2017. In the video, I detailed how you can remove a blood infection / fungal infection from your body that acts like an antenna / glue. It allows particles in the environment to stick to your body and then be covered up by layers and layers of invisible, skin-looking film. These ferromagnetic particles (some call them nanos) are responsible for electronic harassment symptoms. This simple system is the sensitizer that makes the body sensitive to electromagnetic signals.
100% of Targeted Individuals have this infection. 100% of targets that I have worked with personally have this infection. After I got this stuff off my skin, 100% of my targeting symptoms went away. This is not a joke. 100% of my symptoms are gone. I made myself the "white rabbit" for this. I bled and cracked for it, I lost sleep for it, I obsessed for it, I spent weeks feeling like I had 3rd degree burns all over my body from trying different things. After enough research and hands on experiments, I figured out what it was and what it was doing. I'm passing this information to you. I'm always doing more experiments to find new things and figure out ways to end these issues faster. So please consider donating here - DONATE HERE
Here's the video -
The particles you will find within this film can be -
Red Specks
Blue Specks
Black specs that look like pepper
Short, Black, wiry fibers
clear / white fibers that resemble fiberglass
Other particles can be found as well. Document what you find when doing the treatment
Skin may look dark in areas due to being infested with these particles. It may look like a dark tan, a bruise on the elbow, dark spots on hips, feet, etc.
LOOKOUTFA CHARLIE'S
PET (PARTICLE EXPULSION TREATMENT)
OUTSIDE YOUR BODY (SKIN AND HOME)
Quit using laundry detergent and always use a dryer
BORAX - Use it in your laundry, use a cup in the shower to wash with. You can mix it with Palm Olive anti-bacterial dish soap with L-Lactic acid. You can also drink BORAX/BORON. It's an anti-fungal and pulls things from the system. Only use a teaspoon or two in 32 ounces of water. The truth about Borax is that it's only slightly more toxic than table salt.
BAR SOAP - If you need to use soap, use old school original Dial soap. Made with Lye.
PALM OLIVE antibacterial dish soap with L-Lactic Acid. Use it on dishes, in the
shower and as a way to shock this stuff. If you put this on a troubled area and just let it sit there, it will start to dry up and harden. 2-5 days later, if it is bad enough, it can break off in shards. I've included a picture from when I was first treating myself. That broken stuff is the film. My real skin is underneath. That's my armpit. I knew there was something on my skin. But no one else could see it. After I killed that spot, I never got another twitch, thumping, pulsing, zap or vibration in that area again. Same goes for the rest of my body. Hot photo, right?
LIME SULPHUR DIP. It's a fungicide. You mix 4 ounces to a gallon of water. Spray it on yourself. In the shower is good. Get yourself as soaked and water logged as you can in the shower or bath...then spray it on everywhere. You can use it in the tub as well or use it WHILE you are in the shower too.
Weaker / Sleep with it on kind of stuff -
HONEY - Works on the face and everywhere else at night. Good to sleep with.
VICK'S VAPOR RUB - Contains oils that break this fungus down. Not so hardcore...but good to sleep with.
BODY (INSIDE) -
BENTONITE CLAY - It's a liquid clay. You drink it with water. This stuff is amazing. It acts like a magnet a draws all of this stuff out of the gut. Worth it's weight in gold. Use it everyday. The first week may make you a little sick...but after that, it's just like drinking milk or anything else.
ORGANIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR - Drink a shot or more every day.
POTASSIUM IODIDE (Iodine) Pills or Drops - Use them. I use the drops daily as maintenance.
POTASSIUM IODIDE POWDER - GRADE KI - TO MAKE SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI) - This is the killer. You will use this to treat Sporotrichosis or Lymphatic Sporotrichosis which is part of the fungal infection you have. Research how to treat Sporotrichosis with Potassium Iodide. You will get your dosages there. This is the assassin that takes care of this infection for good. You will just do maintenance after this. However, it's always good to either use a little or keep some around just in case.
MAGNESIUM - Take a good magnesium supplement.
MULTIVITAMIN - GET A GOOD MULTIVITAMIN - A good chewable would be best considering everything else that we're pushing through our system.
Vitamin B - All you can get
SUN CHLORELLA - Single celled algae superfood with a split cell wall. Tastes like fish food smells. But is excellent for you. Regenerates you. My Mom introduced me to it when I was a kid. She was ahead of her time.
OIL OF OREGANO - Kills this stuff dead on the inside. Take geltabs. They can be popped with a needle and used on troubled spots of the skin.
POTASSIUM ASPOROTATE - Get capsules. Take a couple a day.
BORON PILLS and/or BORON BORAX - Wonder mineral. Even pulls heavy metals and flouride from as deep as your bones. But the main reason is that this is a fungicide. Use it. Contrary to popular belief, Borax is only slightly more toxic than table salt. So you can take it right out of the box too. Just don't over-do it.
KEEP YOUR MOUTH CLEAN - Gargle with mouthwash. Gargle with borax. Just a little. Don't over-do this stuff. Trust me. I've bled and suffered for these experiments. Over-doing it doesn't speed anything up. You'll just get sicker from the Herx reaction.
I'll keep adding to this. I'm also working on new things constantly and working on a test that can show that someone is targeted. Yes, a physical test.
Post your comments and post your progress below. Also, I won't argue this topic on this page. I will just ignore or delete the comment. This is for moving forward. I don't care if this doesn't fit into your current belief system. For the rest of you - Rock it out! Enjoy 2017 by sticking it to the pricks and jacking up their program! The whole thing just brings a smile to my face!
We have keywords. They are -
Electronic harassment, microwave audio, targeted individual, individuals, dew, directed energy weapon, weapons, laser, radar, radiation, audio, sound, ultrasound, infrasound, TI, Tis, exotic weapons, silent sound, government, nsa, cia, fbi, mossad, g4s, security, kroll, 911, mkultra, mind, mind control, gang stalking, gang stalkers, perps, perp, v2k, voice to skull, evidence, lawsuit, elf, ulf, uhf, vhf, heterodyning, ferromagnetic, cointelpro, aluminum, barium, chemtrails, zinc, drone, evp, morgellons, political, targeting
-----
Also on here...
http://educate-yourself.org/cn/How-to-Stop-Electronic-Harassment-via-Nano-Fungal-Infection005jun17.shtml
POTASSIUM IODIDE POWDER - GRADE KI - TO MAKE SATURATED SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE (SSKI)
-
Tuesday, February 6, 2018
Nano Chips
Suzanne Maher added 2 new photos.
Yesterday at 8:16am ·
These are the nano chips/implants being put in our bodies without our knowledge or consent.
The green implant came out of me January 28, 2018 after a anti nano bath with EMP pulsing and the second this morning February 5, 2018.
These are the chips interfacing with the smart dust and the wireless frequencies we are inundated with controlling our emotional thoughts and impulses and overriding our DNA.
Detoxing with salt bath, electro magnetic pulsing, a modified diet of no corns, grains, sugars, soy will help remove it and keeping your bioelectric fields high. Remember this biology self replicates, it doesn't stop growing in our bodies. Unregulated tech in our food stuffs, cosmetics, water, air, even our undergarments.
Do you still think we live in a free country??
Yesterday at 8:16am ·
These are the nano chips/implants being put in our bodies without our knowledge or consent.
The green implant came out of me January 28, 2018 after a anti nano bath with EMP pulsing and the second this morning February 5, 2018.
These are the chips interfacing with the smart dust and the wireless frequencies we are inundated with controlling our emotional thoughts and impulses and overriding our DNA.
Detoxing with salt bath, electro magnetic pulsing, a modified diet of no corns, grains, sugars, soy will help remove it and keeping your bioelectric fields high. Remember this biology self replicates, it doesn't stop growing in our bodies. Unregulated tech in our food stuffs, cosmetics, water, air, even our undergarments.
Do you still think we live in a free country??
Sunday, November 12, 2017
Brain Eating Nanobots Being Put in Vaccines Says Whistleblower
Sounds like some of the stuff that Tony Pantalleresco talks about.
At this point, nothing would surprise anymore.
https://worldtruth.tv/brain-eating-nanobots-being-put-in-vaccines-says-whistleblower/
Get your anti-nano buckets, and other magnetic stuff going.
From 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-main-link
At this point, nothing would surprise anymore.
https://worldtruth.tv/brain-eating-nanobots-being-put-in-vaccines-says-whistleblower/
Get your anti-nano buckets, and other magnetic stuff going.
From 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-main-link
Wednesday, November 8, 2017
One Radionetwork - 2 by Tony Pantalleresco
One Radionetwork - 2
By independz's Podcast (Tony Pantalleresco aka HerbsPlusBeadWorks)
1h 20m
All of his radio shows.
http://independz.podomatic.com/
What are fullerenes and what are they used for?
Buckminsterfullerene is one type of fullerene. Its molecules are spherical and contain 60 carbon atoms. Fullerenes may be used for drug delivery systems in the body, in lubricants and as catalysts. The tube fullerenes are called nanotubes.
Also called Bucky Balls.
Cylindrical fullerenes are also called carbon nanotubes (buckytubes).
By independz's Podcast (Tony Pantalleresco aka HerbsPlusBeadWorks)
1h 20m
All of his radio shows.
http://independz.podomatic.com/
What are fullerenes and what are they used for?
Buckminsterfullerene is one type of fullerene. Its molecules are spherical and contain 60 carbon atoms. Fullerenes may be used for drug delivery systems in the body, in lubricants and as catalysts. The tube fullerenes are called nanotubes.
Also called Bucky Balls.
Cylindrical fullerenes are also called carbon nanotubes (buckytubes).
Monday, October 9, 2017
Post by Janzee Kirkpatrick
by Janzee Kirkpatrick
September 3, 2015
tonight I just had to cry from my heart. So many people don't realize what's happening. We are in the midst of a huge spiritual war. I would call this World War III. It's a war between light 'n dark for our very souls and the souls of our children and the souls of their children and on and on.
what's happening in California is setting a precedent for what is being planned for the rest of the world.
The stories I've been hearing about vaccine injured children, deaths from vaccines, permanent disabilities and brain damage caused by vaccines are too much to count. my neighbor wants to sign this referendum petition but she is afraid of being put on the list because she heard about the doctors that were killed who tried to stand up to the huge monster pharmaceutical companies whom have quietly taken over our media, lives and country.
we are living in a time where zombies seem to be roaming the earth, sleep walking through a bodysnatched society created by an internally received fear infestation called vaccines. most are impregnated with nano particles and mind numbing agents to keep them all asleep.
And they don't even know it's happening to them – it's that subtle -- they haven't even realized that they have been body snatched.
all around the earth looks the same, people driving their cars going to work, to the store buying their food, making dinner, going to the bathroom, drinking their drinks. but it's not. It's not the same because the TVs changed, the ads have changed, so much has changed but because it's been so gradual no one has noticed. People today think that Chemtrails are normal clouds, but they are not.
The natural magic of the earth has diminished and nobody has noticed. We have to bring it back. We have to fight and stand strong and keep moving toward the goal of freedom and soul integrity so that future generations will have an earth to live on.
The essence of what's happening, I believe, has to do with loving ourselves enough to save ourselves. Man has constantly looked outside of himself and even outside of this earth to see what else there is that exists. as if this is not enough, he is not enough, earth is not enough.
but it is. It is plenty. it is enough. There is enough land for everybody. There is enough food for everybody. There doesn't need to be fake food made. this is a falsehood. The corporate dogs have lead people to believe that there's not enough and so they have to create more. 40% of food grown and made goes to waste. this is an utter atrocity!
there is so much to say.....
when a baby dies from eight vaccines and is returned to its parents cremated, there is something terribly wrong…
they are covering up some heavy stuff. And new film is coming out called CONCUSSION about strokes that football players experience from their sport. These sports, boxing etc. are all created to make money. it's BIG money.
Dr. Andrew Moulden who was killed in the early 2000's, wrote a book called EVERY VACCINE PRODUCES HARM. In this book he states that vaccines cause babies and children to have miniature strokes, many miniature strokes and this is why they die from vaccines. This is what the doctors who cremated that baby were hiding. It is obvious now to all of us, the atrocity being performed on our culture quietly and not so quietly. When a country has to create a secret vaccine court to handle vaccine injury and pays out over $3.5 billion to sufferers there is something terribly wrong. That was the 2008 amount. Imagine what it is today. They won't tell us. It's been taken off the websites.
Government does not have your back. Government means govern - ment --- to control the mind. We understand what they tell us on TV. Meaning we stand under what they tell us on TV.
there is so much more to say – to learn.
we really need to wake up now. It's overdue, this fight is on and we are not giving up. We are going to win.
this is the fight of our lives all of us combined doing this work. we are the ones we've been waiting for. we are the ones waking up the world. We will not give up and we will not falter.
as God is my witness, I will save the children and the children's children!!!
According to the prophecy of the Seventh Generation, seven generations after contact with the Europeans the Onkwehonwe would see the day when the elm trees would die. The prophecy said that strange animals would be born deformed and without the proper limbs. Huge stone monsters would tear open the face of the earth. The rivers would burn. The air would burn the eyes of man. According to the prophecy of the Seventh Generation the Onkwehonwe would see the time when the birds would fall from the sky. The fish would die in the water. And man would grow ashamed of the way that he had treated his Mother and Provider, the Earth.
Finally, according to this prophecy, after seven generations of living in close contact with the Europeans, the Onkwehonwe would rise up and demand that their rights and stewardship over the Earth be respected and restored.
According to the wisdom of this prophecy, men and women would one day turn to the Onkwehonwe for both guidance and direction. It is up to the present generation of youth of the Kanienkehaka to provide leadership and example to all who have failed. The children of the Kanienkehaka are the seventh generation."
http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/rhea.htm
we are living in this time now. We have to change it we have to stay awake while everybody else wakes up. It is happening.
Hopi prophecy also states:
"when the earth is ravaged and the animals are dying. I knew tribe people still coming to the earth from many colors, creeds and classes. and who buy their actions and deeds shall make the earth green again. they shall be known as the Warriors of the Rainbow."
together We Are the I Am presence of this new wave of rainbow light.......
thank you for being, thank you for listening, thank you for reading and of being good service to the light and the earth.
call on the fairies, call on the trees, call on all the good things... the Angels. they are here to assist us. We really do exist in a magical wonderland. we have to bring it back to life again and remember who we are and why were here.
We are here because we are stewards of this place and this is our home.
we are the avatars of God on earth, sharing, enjoying and making this place a big plane of love. we are protected by a beautiful sky dome and loved by the sun and moon which rotate over us in a yin yang spiral flower of life. we are the fairies in that flower. We need to reconnect with our essence -- our soul spirit -- and come back home…
Now.
❤️🌹❤️🌹❤️🌹❤️🌹😇
Janzee Kirkpatrick
www.janicekirkpatrick.com
(c) 2015 —
September 3, 2015
tonight I just had to cry from my heart. So many people don't realize what's happening. We are in the midst of a huge spiritual war. I would call this World War III. It's a war between light 'n dark for our very souls and the souls of our children and the souls of their children and on and on.
what's happening in California is setting a precedent for what is being planned for the rest of the world.
The stories I've been hearing about vaccine injured children, deaths from vaccines, permanent disabilities and brain damage caused by vaccines are too much to count. my neighbor wants to sign this referendum petition but she is afraid of being put on the list because she heard about the doctors that were killed who tried to stand up to the huge monster pharmaceutical companies whom have quietly taken over our media, lives and country.
we are living in a time where zombies seem to be roaming the earth, sleep walking through a bodysnatched society created by an internally received fear infestation called vaccines. most are impregnated with nano particles and mind numbing agents to keep them all asleep.
And they don't even know it's happening to them – it's that subtle -- they haven't even realized that they have been body snatched.
all around the earth looks the same, people driving their cars going to work, to the store buying their food, making dinner, going to the bathroom, drinking their drinks. but it's not. It's not the same because the TVs changed, the ads have changed, so much has changed but because it's been so gradual no one has noticed. People today think that Chemtrails are normal clouds, but they are not.
The natural magic of the earth has diminished and nobody has noticed. We have to bring it back. We have to fight and stand strong and keep moving toward the goal of freedom and soul integrity so that future generations will have an earth to live on.
The essence of what's happening, I believe, has to do with loving ourselves enough to save ourselves. Man has constantly looked outside of himself and even outside of this earth to see what else there is that exists. as if this is not enough, he is not enough, earth is not enough.
but it is. It is plenty. it is enough. There is enough land for everybody. There is enough food for everybody. There doesn't need to be fake food made. this is a falsehood. The corporate dogs have lead people to believe that there's not enough and so they have to create more. 40% of food grown and made goes to waste. this is an utter atrocity!
there is so much to say.....
when a baby dies from eight vaccines and is returned to its parents cremated, there is something terribly wrong…
they are covering up some heavy stuff. And new film is coming out called CONCUSSION about strokes that football players experience from their sport. These sports, boxing etc. are all created to make money. it's BIG money.
Dr. Andrew Moulden who was killed in the early 2000's, wrote a book called EVERY VACCINE PRODUCES HARM. In this book he states that vaccines cause babies and children to have miniature strokes, many miniature strokes and this is why they die from vaccines. This is what the doctors who cremated that baby were hiding. It is obvious now to all of us, the atrocity being performed on our culture quietly and not so quietly. When a country has to create a secret vaccine court to handle vaccine injury and pays out over $3.5 billion to sufferers there is something terribly wrong. That was the 2008 amount. Imagine what it is today. They won't tell us. It's been taken off the websites.
Government does not have your back. Government means govern - ment --- to control the mind. We understand what they tell us on TV. Meaning we stand under what they tell us on TV.
there is so much more to say – to learn.
we really need to wake up now. It's overdue, this fight is on and we are not giving up. We are going to win.
this is the fight of our lives all of us combined doing this work. we are the ones we've been waiting for. we are the ones waking up the world. We will not give up and we will not falter.
as God is my witness, I will save the children and the children's children!!!
According to the prophecy of the Seventh Generation, seven generations after contact with the Europeans the Onkwehonwe would see the day when the elm trees would die. The prophecy said that strange animals would be born deformed and without the proper limbs. Huge stone monsters would tear open the face of the earth. The rivers would burn. The air would burn the eyes of man. According to the prophecy of the Seventh Generation the Onkwehonwe would see the time when the birds would fall from the sky. The fish would die in the water. And man would grow ashamed of the way that he had treated his Mother and Provider, the Earth.
Finally, according to this prophecy, after seven generations of living in close contact with the Europeans, the Onkwehonwe would rise up and demand that their rights and stewardship over the Earth be respected and restored.
According to the wisdom of this prophecy, men and women would one day turn to the Onkwehonwe for both guidance and direction. It is up to the present generation of youth of the Kanienkehaka to provide leadership and example to all who have failed. The children of the Kanienkehaka are the seventh generation."
http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/rhea.htm
we are living in this time now. We have to change it we have to stay awake while everybody else wakes up. It is happening.
Hopi prophecy also states:
"when the earth is ravaged and the animals are dying. I knew tribe people still coming to the earth from many colors, creeds and classes. and who buy their actions and deeds shall make the earth green again. they shall be known as the Warriors of the Rainbow."
together We Are the I Am presence of this new wave of rainbow light.......
thank you for being, thank you for listening, thank you for reading and of being good service to the light and the earth.
call on the fairies, call on the trees, call on all the good things... the Angels. they are here to assist us. We really do exist in a magical wonderland. we have to bring it back to life again and remember who we are and why were here.
We are here because we are stewards of this place and this is our home.
we are the avatars of God on earth, sharing, enjoying and making this place a big plane of love. we are protected by a beautiful sky dome and loved by the sun and moon which rotate over us in a yin yang spiral flower of life. we are the fairies in that flower. We need to reconnect with our essence -- our soul spirit -- and come back home…
Now.
❤️🌹❤️🌹❤️🌹❤️🌹😇
Janzee Kirkpatrick
www.janicekirkpatrick.com
(c) 2015 —
Tuesday, October 3, 2017
Two Guys Who Know Some Stuff Talk Nano With Suzanne Maher Of Bye Bye Blue Sky...
Suzanne Maher of Bye Bye Blue Sky spoke to the pioneers of nano research Tony Pantalleresco and his colleague Bryan396 about the nano technology in our food, water and air. They have been researching this subject for six years now. Both gentlemen were afflicted with the synthetic biology and discuss their stories, how they came to connect, their research and findings, the hijacking of the health care industry and what we can do to protect our health. We now have to be our own health care providers as the medical industry is not equipped to deal with this biological assault.
This information that these gentlemen provide the listeners is pivotal to our health and survival, we are in a whole new paradigm of taking care of our health and we are now in uncharted territory. We all need to be equipped with the understanding that nano technology is dangerous, unregulated tech that has no boundaries, and our bodies have no firewall. Thanks to Tony and Bryan's exhaustive research we do have the tools, knowledge and protocols to battle the bio weaponization of our environment. Protect your health.
Research and scan the information provided in the links below to understand what is happening in our environment and in our bodies. Know your Enemy.
Music in this video by Teklordz
Links
Tony Pantalleresco
http://augmentinforce.50webs.com/
Bryan396.com
http://bryan396.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Bryan396
Suzanne Maher
https://byebyebluesky.com
https://www.facebook.com/groups/317680148438708/
Get your anti-nano devices from George Christoff of 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-main-link
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-complete-systems
-----
Monday, October 2, 2017
DANGERS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE, FILLER IN PHARMACEUTICALS
DANGERS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE, FILLER IN PHARMACEUTICALS
http://www.integrativeholistichealth.org/information/dangers-of-microcrystalline-cellulose-filler-in-pharmaceuticals/
Posted on January 10, 2014 by Emi Miller
DANGERS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE
I have some NEW concerns for us to think about as far as using MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE as a filler in Nature Throid, Westhroid and ArmourThyroid tablets.
I am a Registered Nurse, with an extensive background in physiology. It occurred to me that just as the cells cannot keep out artificial sweeteners, but absorb them as if they were ordinary glucose, and that this wreaks havoc in our cells ability to function, leading to many forms of physical discomfort and illness, that the same thing would apply if we use MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE as a filler in our Thyroid products. I remembered reading on this forum about why Armour stopped working well for many people, even when they adjusted their dosage correctly. The reason stated was that they had started using artificial fillers.
Doing some research I came upon this article, and want to share it here. It says exactly that: Our cells cannot stop the micro-nano particles from entering them, and once there they are not able to be useful, but float in and out of the cell membranes, and basically clog up tiny places in our bodies, bioaccumulating as we take more, and causing background inflammation to rise.
A couple of excerpts from the article follow:
Nanotechnology: benefits vs toxic risks,
Feb. 1, 2007 George Burdock |Functional Ingredients
“”Once in the body, some particles have changed the shape or conformation of proteins, creating a protein similar to that produced in Alzheimer’s disease. Changing protein conformation can potentially create new allergenic proteins in organs to which the body could mount an immune response.
While easy entry into the cells of the intestine and target organs can be beneficial, the other side of the coin is that because these particles are so ‘slippery,’ how can they ever be excreted by the body? Because much of our excretory system at the cellular level is based on a cell successfully excreting a substance (as in the kidney) to be flushed away, how can the particle be made to remain in the waste stream if it can so easily gain re-entry into other cells downstream?
While some of the more dramatic examples of actual physical damage are described above, the damage most often seen in response to nano-materials is the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress to the biological system.
In oxidative stress, the universal antioxidant chemical in the body, glutathione or GSH, is converted to the oxidized inactive form, GSSH. As reserves of GSH are depleted and the GSH:GSSH ratio lowers, the body mounts a progressively more assertive reaction. The first stage of oxidative stress is to produce special enzymes to detoxify the new invading chemical; if, however, there is no enzyme for this purpose or the human does not have the capability to produce the enzyme, the body progresses into the next stage, inflammation.””
http://newhope360.com/nanotechnology-benefits-vs-toxic-risks
--
Microcrystalline cellulose
www.fao.org/docrep/w6355e/w6355e0l.htm
Microcrystalline cellulose is a purified, partially depolymerized cellulose prepared by treating alpha-cellulose, obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant material, with mineral acids. The degree of polymerization is typically less than 400.
http://www.integrativeholistichealth.org/information/dangers-of-microcrystalline-cellulose-filler-in-pharmaceuticals/
Posted on January 10, 2014 by Emi Miller
DANGERS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE
I have some NEW concerns for us to think about as far as using MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE as a filler in Nature Throid, Westhroid and ArmourThyroid tablets.
I am a Registered Nurse, with an extensive background in physiology. It occurred to me that just as the cells cannot keep out artificial sweeteners, but absorb them as if they were ordinary glucose, and that this wreaks havoc in our cells ability to function, leading to many forms of physical discomfort and illness, that the same thing would apply if we use MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE as a filler in our Thyroid products. I remembered reading on this forum about why Armour stopped working well for many people, even when they adjusted their dosage correctly. The reason stated was that they had started using artificial fillers.
Doing some research I came upon this article, and want to share it here. It says exactly that: Our cells cannot stop the micro-nano particles from entering them, and once there they are not able to be useful, but float in and out of the cell membranes, and basically clog up tiny places in our bodies, bioaccumulating as we take more, and causing background inflammation to rise.
A couple of excerpts from the article follow:
Nanotechnology: benefits vs toxic risks,
Feb. 1, 2007 George Burdock |Functional Ingredients
“”Once in the body, some particles have changed the shape or conformation of proteins, creating a protein similar to that produced in Alzheimer’s disease. Changing protein conformation can potentially create new allergenic proteins in organs to which the body could mount an immune response.
While easy entry into the cells of the intestine and target organs can be beneficial, the other side of the coin is that because these particles are so ‘slippery,’ how can they ever be excreted by the body? Because much of our excretory system at the cellular level is based on a cell successfully excreting a substance (as in the kidney) to be flushed away, how can the particle be made to remain in the waste stream if it can so easily gain re-entry into other cells downstream?
While some of the more dramatic examples of actual physical damage are described above, the damage most often seen in response to nano-materials is the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress to the biological system.
In oxidative stress, the universal antioxidant chemical in the body, glutathione or GSH, is converted to the oxidized inactive form, GSSH. As reserves of GSH are depleted and the GSH:GSSH ratio lowers, the body mounts a progressively more assertive reaction. The first stage of oxidative stress is to produce special enzymes to detoxify the new invading chemical; if, however, there is no enzyme for this purpose or the human does not have the capability to produce the enzyme, the body progresses into the next stage, inflammation.””
http://newhope360.com/nanotechnology-benefits-vs-toxic-risks
--
Microcrystalline cellulose
www.fao.org/docrep/w6355e/w6355e0l.htm
Microcrystalline cellulose is a purified, partially depolymerized cellulose prepared by treating alpha-cellulose, obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant material, with mineral acids. The degree of polymerization is typically less than 400.
Wednesday, July 12, 2017
New Published Italian Study: MICRO and NANO-CONTAMINATION in VACCINES
This is the reason of the vaccination push worldwide Jennifer Hoffman
23 uur ·
Congratulations to Italians for strongly protesting harsh mandatory vaccination laws. I found that interesting because Italian researchers are the only ones who have reported, with a great deal of alarm, on finding nanobots and nanotechnology in vaccines and they wondered what they were doing in vaccines. This is technology that is self replicating and can take control of the body's functions, including DNA. Nanotechnology can be programmed to make a healthy body sick (but not a sick body well) and is yet another facet of the globalist transhuman agenda. Why is nanotechnology in vaccines? For no good reason and that is what makes the sudden push for mandatory vaccination all over the world highly suspect. Unfortunately, when governments do this it is not for our benefit and we need to speak out against these policies because they serve no good purpose.
https://steemit.com/vaccines/@canadian-coconut/new-published-italian-study-micro-and-nano-contamination-in-vaccines
SEE THE COMPLETE REPORT BELOW
http://www.whale.to/c/vaxcontaminants_IJVV-04-00072.pdf
-----
23 uur ·
Congratulations to Italians for strongly protesting harsh mandatory vaccination laws. I found that interesting because Italian researchers are the only ones who have reported, with a great deal of alarm, on finding nanobots and nanotechnology in vaccines and they wondered what they were doing in vaccines. This is technology that is self replicating and can take control of the body's functions, including DNA. Nanotechnology can be programmed to make a healthy body sick (but not a sick body well) and is yet another facet of the globalist transhuman agenda. Why is nanotechnology in vaccines? For no good reason and that is what makes the sudden push for mandatory vaccination all over the world highly suspect. Unfortunately, when governments do this it is not for our benefit and we need to speak out against these policies because they serve no good purpose.
https://steemit.com/vaccines/@canadian-coconut/new-published-italian-study-micro-and-nano-contamination-in-vaccines
SEE THE COMPLETE REPORT BELOW
http://www.whale.to/c/vaxcontaminants_IJVV-04-00072.pdf
-----
Friday, June 2, 2017
Metal Nanoparticle Contaminated Vaccines: Why Size Matters
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/metal-nanoparticle-contaminated-vaccines-why-size-matters
New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
See more tables at the full study PDF here.
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.pdf
From a Group post.
Re: Vaccine 'Expert' needed in Custody Case
Dear _____,
To be frank, there is no expert I can trust and recommend in the US and, more in particular, no medical doctor.
The only thing I can advise you to do is have me analyze a couple of samples of the vaccine belonging to different batches and send me the documents about the children’s health you have available.
You may know that we, in our laboratory, are the only group worldwide who carried out investigations on vaccines showing that they are all polluted by inorganic micro- and nanoparticles and those pollutants are extremely harmful. You may also know that my husband, Dr. Stefano Montanari, and I are the discoverer of nanopathologies, i.e. the disease caused by micro- and nanoparticles, the same as are contained in vaccines.
As we did in other cases, we are available to collaborate.
The fee depends on what you wish us to do. The only price I can quote now is that of the analysis: each vaccine costs 2,000 US Dollars.
I send you the details of our article on vaccines' contamination
medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
-----
New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
See more tables at the full study PDF here.
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.pdf
From a Group post.
Re: Vaccine 'Expert' needed in Custody Case
Dear _____,
To be frank, there is no expert I can trust and recommend in the US and, more in particular, no medical doctor.
The only thing I can advise you to do is have me analyze a couple of samples of the vaccine belonging to different batches and send me the documents about the children’s health you have available.
You may know that we, in our laboratory, are the only group worldwide who carried out investigations on vaccines showing that they are all polluted by inorganic micro- and nanoparticles and those pollutants are extremely harmful. You may also know that my husband, Dr. Stefano Montanari, and I are the discoverer of nanopathologies, i.e. the disease caused by micro- and nanoparticles, the same as are contained in vaccines.
As we did in other cases, we are available to collaborate.
The fee depends on what you wish us to do. The only price I can quote now is that of the analysis: each vaccine costs 2,000 US Dollars.
I send you the details of our article on vaccines' contamination
medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
-----
Tuesday, April 11, 2017
New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination
New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
PDF:
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.pdf
From one of our groups post.
It's about Vaccine 'Expert' needed in a Custody Cases
Dear ____________,
To be frank, there is no expert I can trust and recommend in the US and, more in particular, no medical doctor.
The only thing I can advise you to do is have me analyze a couple of samples of the vaccine belonging to different batches and send me the documents about the children’s health you have available.
You may know that we, in our laboratory, are the only group worldwide who carried out investigations on vaccines showing that they are all polluted by inorganic micro- and nanoparticles and those pollutants are extremely harmful. You may also know that my husband, Dr. Stefano Montanari, and I are the discoverer of nanopathologies, i.e. the disease caused by micro- and nanoparticles, the same as are contained in vaccines.
As we did in other cases, we are available to collaborate.
The fee depends on what you wish us to do. The only price I can quote now is that of the analysis: each vaccine costs 2,000 US Dollars.
I send you the details of our article on vaccines' contamination
medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
Tony Pantalleresco (HerbPlusBeadWorks) has been saying in his youtube videos about how vaccines contain nano-tech. Nano delivery methodology. As well as the chemtrails containing this "smart dust" nano-tech too. And then some of his solutions to all of this.
Talking About Vaccines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_uoVdo_1mQ
Summary Excipients Included in U.S. Vaccines, by Vaccine:
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf
AntiNano Device - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAOfZ5PddKc
How To Make the AntiNano Device - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVyfRVq_SC0
We got a nice one from George Christoff at 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-main-link
Some show SOLD OUT, but you can contact him and request a particular one. It takes time to make these.
-----
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
PDF:
http://medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.pdf
From one of our groups post.
It's about Vaccine 'Expert' needed in a Custody Cases
Dear ____________,
To be frank, there is no expert I can trust and recommend in the US and, more in particular, no medical doctor.
The only thing I can advise you to do is have me analyze a couple of samples of the vaccine belonging to different batches and send me the documents about the children’s health you have available.
You may know that we, in our laboratory, are the only group worldwide who carried out investigations on vaccines showing that they are all polluted by inorganic micro- and nanoparticles and those pollutants are extremely harmful. You may also know that my husband, Dr. Stefano Montanari, and I are the discoverer of nanopathologies, i.e. the disease caused by micro- and nanoparticles, the same as are contained in vaccines.
As we did in other cases, we are available to collaborate.
The fee depends on what you wish us to do. The only price I can quote now is that of the analysis: each vaccine costs 2,000 US Dollars.
I send you the details of our article on vaccines' contamination
medcraveonline.com/IJVV/IJVV-04-00072.php
Tony Pantalleresco (HerbPlusBeadWorks) has been saying in his youtube videos about how vaccines contain nano-tech. Nano delivery methodology. As well as the chemtrails containing this "smart dust" nano-tech too. And then some of his solutions to all of this.
Talking About Vaccines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_uoVdo_1mQ
Summary Excipients Included in U.S. Vaccines, by Vaccine:
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf
AntiNano Device - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAOfZ5PddKc
How To Make the AntiNano Device - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVyfRVq_SC0
We got a nice one from George Christoff at 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-main-link
Some show SOLD OUT, but you can contact him and request a particular one. It takes time to make these.
-----
Wednesday, March 1, 2017
Metal Nanoparticle Contaminated Vaccines: Why Size Matters
Metal Nanoparticle Contaminated Vaccines: Why Size Matters
Get you an anti-nano bucket ASAP to disable all nanotech. From 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-complete-systems
----------
Get you an anti-nano bucket ASAP to disable all nanotech. From 2ground.com
https://2ground.com/collections/anti-nano-complete-systems
----------
Thursday, June 16, 2016
Jan 23 Guest Speaker: Mr. Tony Pantelleresco : Chemtrails and the Morgel...
Well, the local free range eggs are doable, can get raw goat's cheese locally, and real butter. OK.
One of the solutions he talked about...
Suggestions to remove Nano from food and Drink
When you are juicing any foods fruit and veggies, they cannot be stripped down anymore due to the embedment of nanotech (especially from chemtrails) and especially if there has been pesticide spraying this would make this synergistic in lethality which would cause an endocrine disruptor as well as tumor promoter and organ damaging.
So with some fruits like the kiwi’s apples and pears and some of the meatier fruits like Chinese pear-quince - pineapple-papaya and citrus will be safer to eat but must all be peeled about 1/8 of an inch others will not be safe due to the level of saturation normal consumption will not be wise due to heavy metal loading
So the next thing would be to juice the fruits and veggies, but if consumed you would wind up with nano poisoning due to the concentration.Now the answer would be to filter out, but how is the question? Oil any cheap oil will do such as peanut oil (personally, I would avoid peanut oil, since most people are allergic to it, thank you vaccines!) or other inexpensive oils since you will be discarding the nano saturated oils. Perhaps olive oil would be more sufficient and safe.
Juice whatever you wish, minus all skins or surface off the fruits, and then juice. When done take the juice and add to a blender and add approximately 1 oz of the oil
Shut lid and pin and what you will see, is that the nano will collect in the oil and after about 3 minutes, stop blender and pour into a glass bottle and wait for the separation and then remove the oil
You have just filtered out the nano.
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Tuesday, June 14, 2016
Tony Pantalleresco The Dangers Of Nano Particles To Your Health!
We are becoming seriously unglued, and I mean in the physical sense. And we are being deceived.
As a result of these contaminants-one must think that you have several things ongoing here-nanoprogramming-nano poisoning- saturation of cells-and a stripping away of the bodies resources--so all of these have to be dealt with --shutting down the program is priority-eliminating the left over -and minimizing the up take of metals or "other polymers" that are small enough to saturate the cells and destroy through oxidation the life of the ATP and mitochondria.
No wonder I have a HUGE bug up my ass and became so anal about companies. It's because of their tampering around with stuff in order to "make it better". We already have it in the processed food, vaccines, chemtrails, GMOs, glycophates, and the "added" and extra UNNEEDED ingredients, EVEN in supplements (See earlier posts). And people wonder why I'm so cynical about things because of my severe lack of trust in companies, people, etc... ALWAYS man and the ego thinking that God can be outdone. What Does the Bible Say About Trusting Man? When I say "man", I mean humanity as a whole (men and women) as opposed to gender, btw.
Here is a page full of scriptures talking about trusting man.
https://www.openbible.info/topics/trusting_man
I'll be taking notes on everything later and add below the video.
Notes:
Creatine in coffee
Iodine (Lugols, Nascent, Atomodine, etc...) He has recommended in other videos to use a 5% Lugols solution. Both need selenium and L-Tyrosine for the T4 production and conversion to T3.
I do disagree with some things that he says.
Regarding ingredients besides nano and cellulose, etc... here's a list of hidden MSG.
http://www.truthinlabeling.org/hiddensources.html
As a result of these contaminants-one must think that you have several things ongoing here-nanoprogramming-nano poisoning- saturation of cells-and a stripping away of the bodies resources--so all of these have to be dealt with --shutting down the program is priority-eliminating the left over -and minimizing the up take of metals or "other polymers" that are small enough to saturate the cells and destroy through oxidation the life of the ATP and mitochondria.
No wonder I have a HUGE bug up my ass and became so anal about companies. It's because of their tampering around with stuff in order to "make it better". We already have it in the processed food, vaccines, chemtrails, GMOs, glycophates, and the "added" and extra UNNEEDED ingredients, EVEN in supplements (See earlier posts). And people wonder why I'm so cynical about things because of my severe lack of trust in companies, people, etc... ALWAYS man and the ego thinking that God can be outdone. What Does the Bible Say About Trusting Man? When I say "man", I mean humanity as a whole (men and women) as opposed to gender, btw.
Here is a page full of scriptures talking about trusting man.
https://www.openbible.info/topics/trusting_man
I'll be taking notes on everything later and add below the video.
Notes:
Creatine in coffee
Iodine (Lugols, Nascent, Atomodine, etc...) He has recommended in other videos to use a 5% Lugols solution. Both need selenium and L-Tyrosine for the T4 production and conversion to T3.
I do disagree with some things that he says.
Regarding ingredients besides nano and cellulose, etc... here's a list of hidden MSG.
http://www.truthinlabeling.org/hiddensources.html
Nanocellulose- a new ageless bionanomaterial
Nanocellulose- a new ageless bionanomaterial [.html] - read online
Nanocellulose- a new ageless bionanomaterial [.doc] - download
Alain Dufresne
Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), CS10065, ` 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres Cedex, France
Owing to the hierarchical structure of cellulose, nanoparticles can be extracted from this naturally occurring polymer. Multiple mechanical shearing actions allow the release of more or fewer individual microfibrils. Longitudinal cutting of these microfibrils can be achieved by a strong acid hydrolysis treatment, allowing dissolution of amorphous domains. The impressive mechanical properties, reinforcing capabilities, abundance, low density, and biodegradability of these nanoparticles make them ideal candidates for the processing of polymer nanocomposites. With a Young's modulus in the range 100130 GPa and a surface area of several hundred m2 gÀ1, new promising properties can be considered for cellulose.
Introduction
Wood and plants are cellular hierarchical biocomposites produced by nature, and are essentially semicrystalline cellulose microfibrilreinforced amorphous matrices made of hemicellulose, lignin, waxes, extractive and trace elements [1]. Lignocellulosic fibers consist therefore of a cemented microfibril aggregate. As a consequence, the structure of plants spans many length scales, to provide maximum strength with a minimum of material. Wood, which is approximately 4050 wt% cellulose (half in nanocrystalline form and half in amorphous form), provides an example (Fig. 1). While the whole tree is on the scale of meters, centimeters describe structures within the cross-section, millimeters describe growth rings, tens of micrometers describe the cellular anatomy, micrometers describe the layer structure within cell walls, tens of nanometers describe the configuration of cellulose fibrils in a matrix mainly composed of hemicellulose and lignin, and nanometers describe the molecular structures of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and their chemical interactions [2]. In creation, cellulose is a ubiquitous structural polymer that confers its mechanical properties to higher plant cells. The hierarchical structure of natural fibers, based on their elementary nanofibrilar components, leads to the unique strength and high performance properties of different species of plants. Indeed, the most important attributes of wood and other lignocellulosic materials are their mechanical properties, in particular their unusual ability to provide high mechanical strength and high strength-to weight ratio while allowing for flexibility to counter large dimensional changes due to swelling and shrinking. In all terrestrial and aquatic plant species, the primary cell wall is a dynamic structure and its constituent material must be synthesized in a form that can undergo extension. There is an increasing demand for products made from renewable and sustainable non-petroleum based resources. Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on Earth, is renewable, biodegradable, as well as non-toxic. Purification of cellulose from plant fibers involves chemical treatments consisting of alkali extraction and bleaching. Owing to its hierarchical structure and semicrystalline nature, nanoparticles can be extracted from this naturally occurring polymer using a top-down mechanically or chemically induced deconstructing strategy. The potential of cellulosic nanoparticles or nanocellulose has been demonstrated for special functional nanomaterials [3] but it is as a biobased reinforcing nanofiller that such nanomaterials have attracted significant interest over the past 20 years [47]. However, the main challenge with nanoparticles is related to their homogeneous dispersion within a polymeric matrix. Moreover, cellulose nanoparticles have a strong tendency for self-association because of the omnipresence of interacting surface hydroxyl groups. This property, which is the basis of the strength of paper sheets, is a desirable feature for the formation of load-bearing percolating architectures within the host polymer matrix. However, these inter-particle interactions can cause aggregation during the preparation of the nanocomposite and limit the potential of mechanical reinforcement. This phenomenon is magnified when the size of the particle decreases.
Mechanically induced destructuring strategy
Multiple mechanical shearing actions applied to cellulosic fibers release more or fewer individual microfibrils. This material is usually called microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Different mechanical treatment procedures have been reported to prepare MFC. They mainly consist of high-pressure homogenization and/or grinding [7]. However, this production route is normally associated with high energy consumption for fiber delamination [8 10]. Therefore, different pretreatments have been proposed to facilitate this process, for example, mechanical cutting [11], acid hydrolysis [12], enzymatic pretreatment [13,14], and the introduction of charged groups through carboxymethylation [15] or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation [16]. After disintegration, MFC is typically obtained as a suspension in liquid, usually water. During homogenization, the suspension changes from a low viscosity to a high viscosity medium. Normally a 2 wt% fiber suspension is used for the preparation of MFC. At higher concentrations, the increased viscosity during processing becomes too high, such that the suspension cannot be moved forward by the pumping system. The MFC aqueous suspensions display a gel-like behavior as shown in Fig. 2. The production of MFC from wood pulp and various non-wood sources has been reported in the literature. The morphology of constitutive nanoparticles is generally characterized using microscopic techniques. Fig. 3 shows MFC obtained from Opuntia ficusindica. MFC consists of both individual and aggregated nanofibrils made of alternating crystalline and amorphous cellulose domains. Although image analysis can provide information on fibril width, it is more difficult to determine the length because of entanglement and difficulties in identifying both ends of individual nanoparticles. Indeed, the observation scale for length and diameter is quite different. The width is generally in the range 3100 nm depending on the source of cellulose, defibrillation process and pretreatment and the length is considered to be higher than 1 mm [7].
Chemically induced destructuring strategy
A controlled strong acid hydrolysis treatment can be applied to cellulosic fibers allowing dissolution of amorphous domains and therefore longitudinal cutting of the microfibrils. The ensuing nanoparticles are generally called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and are obtained as an aqueous suspension. When observed between crossed-Nicols the CNC dispersion shows the formation of birefringent domains (Fig. 4). During the acid hydrolysis process, the hydronium ions penetrate the cellulose chains in the amorphous regions promoting the hydrolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds and releasing individual crystallites after mechanical treatment (sonication). Different strong acids have been shown to successfully degrade cellulose fibers, but hydrochloric and sulfuric acids have been extensively used. However, phosphoric [20], hydrobromic [21,22] and nitric acids [23] have also been reported for the preparation of crystalline cellulosic nanoparticles. One of the main reasons for using sulfuric acid as hydrolyzing agent is its reaction with the surface hydroxyl groups via an esterification process allowing the grafting of anionic sulfate ester groups. The presence of these negatively charged groups induces the formation of a negative electrostatic layer covering the nanocrystals and promotes their dispersion in water. However, it compromises the thermostability of the nanoparticles [24]. To increase the thermal stability of H2SO4-prepared nanocrystals, neutralization of the nanoparticles by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be carried out [25]. These nanoparticles occur as high aspect ratio rod-like nanocrystals, or whiskers. Their geometrical dimensions depend on the origin of the cellulose substrate and hydrolysis conditions. Fig. 5 shows CNCs obtained from two different cellulosic sources. Each rod can be considered as a cellulose crystal with no apparent defect. CNCs generally present a relatively broad distribution in length because of the diffusion-controlled nature of the acid hydrolysis. The average length is generally of the order of a few hundreds nanometers and the width is of the order of a few nanometers [6]. An important parameter for CNCs is the aspect ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the length to the width. It varies between 10 for cotton [27] and 67 for tunicin [26] or capim dourado (golden grass) [19]. Acid hydrolysis is the classical way of preparing CNCs. However, other processes allowing the release of crystalline domains from cellulosic fibers have more recently been reported, including enzymatic hydrolysis treatment [28], TEMPO oxidation [29], hydrolysis with gaseous acid [30], and treatment with ionic liquids [31].
Mechanical properties of cellulose nanoparticles
Cellulose has been used by our society as an engineering material for thousands of years. However, even if cellulose confers its mechanical properties to higher plant cells, the mechanical properties of natural fibers are strongly influenced by many factors, particularly chemical composition and location in plants. Other factors that may affect the fiber properties are maturity, separating processes, microscopic and molecular defects such as pits and nods, type of soil and weather conditions under which they were grown. Further improved fibers and composites can be obtained by disintegrating the natural grown fibers, and separating the almost defect free highly crystalline fibrils. The mechanical properties of cellulose microfibrils should be higher and less dispersed than those of lignocellulosic fibers from which they are released from because of a more homogeneous nature. Different strategies, both theoretical and experimental, have been used to determine the longitudinal modulus of cellulose microfibrils (or bundles)
RESEARCH
Processing of polymer nanocomposites
Cellulose nanoparticles have a strong tendency for self-association because of the omnipresence of interacting surface hydroxyl groups. This property, which is the basis of the strength of paper sheets, is a desirable feature for the formation of load-bearing percolating architectures within the host polymer matrix. However, these inter-particle interactions can cause aggregation during the preparation of the nanocomposite thus inducing the loss of the nanoscale and limit the potential of mechanical reinforcement. This aggregation phenomenon is magnified when the specific surface area increases and then when the size of the particle decreases. Different strategies have been reported in the literature to homogeneously mix cellulose nanoparticles with a polymeric matrix. These different strategies are summarized in Fig. 6 and detailed information can be found elsewhere [35]. Because of the good dispersion level of cellulose nanoparticles in water, it is obviously the most suitable processing medium. Both water-soluble polymers and polymer aqueous dispersions (latex) can be used. After mixing the cellulose nanoparticle dispersion with the polymer solution/dispersion, a solid nanocomposite film can be obtained by simple casting and water evaporation. This mode of processing allows the preservation of the individualization state reported. However, the average value is around 100 GPa, that is, much higher than for cellulose fibers. The modulus of cellulose microfibrils is expected to result from a mixing rule between the modulus of the crystalline domains and the amorphous fraction. Therefore, it should be higher for more The different strategies applied for the processing of nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites crystalline CNCs. Again a broad range of values was reported [7]. However, the average value is around 130 GPa, that is, much higher than for cellulose microfibrils as expected. These impressive mechanical properties make cellulose nanoparticles ideal candidates for the processing of reinforced polymer composites. The Young's modulus of nanocellulose with a density for crystalline cellulose of around 1.51.6 g cmÀ3 is much higher than the one of glass fibers, around 70 GPa [32] with a density around 2.6 g cmÀ3, which are classically used in composite applications. It is similar to Kevlar (60125 GPa, density around 1.45 g cmÀ3) [33] and potentially stronger than steel (200 220 GPa, density around 8 g cmÀ3) [34]. Indeed, the specific Young's modulus, which is the ratio between the Young's modulus and the density, of nanocellulose is around 65 J gÀ1 for microfibrils and 85 J gÀ1 for nanocrystals whereas it is around 25 J gÀ1 for steel of the nanoparticles resulting from their colloidal dispersion in water. A copolymer of styrene and butyl acrylate (poly(S-co-BuA)) in latex form and tunicin nanocrystals were used in the pioneering work [36]. Water has been extensively used as a processing medium but stable suspensions of CNCs with negatively charged surface groups, commonly produced by hydrolysis of the native cellulose with sulfuric acid, can be obtained in various polar liquid media. For instance, stable CNC suspensions have been prepared in N,Ndimethyl sulfoxide (DMF) [37], dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Nmethyl pyrrolidine (NMP), formic acid and m-cresol [38]. Casting from a mixture of solvents can also be used to prepare nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites. By this method, the aqueous suspension of nanoparticles is mixed with a polymer solution involving a solvent miscible with water, for example, tetrahydrofuran (THF) [39]. A solvent exchange procedure can be applied to suspend cellulosic nanoparticles in the proper liquid medium for further surface chemical modification, or mixing with a polymer solution or monomer for subsequent in situ polymerization [40]. The aqueous suspension is progressively solvent exchanged in liquids of decreasing polarity by several successive centrifugation and redispersion operations, using sonication after each solvent exchange step to avoid aggregation. Acetone is routinely used for the first solvent exchange step. Stable cellulose nanoparticle dispersions in apolar or low polarity solvent can be obtained by physically coating the surface with a surfactant [41,42] or chemically grafting apolar moieties onto the surface. Both methods allow the tuning of the surface and a decrease of the surface energy of the nanoparticle. The surface chemical modification of cellulose nanoparticles obviously involves the ample surface hydroxyl groups resulting from their nanoscale dimensions and ensuing high surface area. Experimental conditions should avoid swelling media and the peeling effect of surface-grafted chains inducing their dissolution in the reaction medium. Therefore, the chemical grafting process has to be mild to preserve the integrity of the nanoparticle. The most common surface chemical modifications of CNCs are summarized in Fig. 7. They can be categorized into three distinctive groups, namely (1) substitution of hydroxyl groups with small molecules (as indicated with red arrows in Fig. 7), (2) polymer grafting based on the `grafting onto' strategy with different coupling agents (as indicated with blue arrows in Fig. 7), and (3) polymer grafting based on the `grafting from' approach with a radical polymerization involving ring opening polymerization (ROP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LP) (as indicated with yellow arrows in Fig. 7). The chemically modified nanoparticles can be dispersed in organic liquids of low polarity and mixed with a polymer solution or eventually directly added into the polymer melt after drying. However, two conflicting effects arise from this procedure. On the one hand, it allows an improvement in the dispersion of the modified nanoparticles in the continuous apolar medium which is beneficial to optimize the mechanical properties of the ensuing nanocomposite. On the other hand, it restricts the interactions between nanoparticles through hydrogen-bonding which is the basis of the outstanding mechanical properties of nanocellulose based nanocomposites. The previous processing techniques used mainly a liquid as the processing medium and are mainly restricted to wet processing methods such as casting/evaporation, which has been extensively used. The main advantage of this strategy relies in the fact that it allows preserving the dispersion state of the nanoparticles in the liquid. However, it limits the number of polymer matrices that can be used in association with cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, this procedure is both non-industrial and non-economic. It should be used for niche applications. Several organizations have announced nanocellulose demonstration plants [7]. Therefore, more industrial nanocomposite processing techniques should be developed. Melt-compounding techniques, such as extrusion or injection molding, are commonly used to process thermoplastic polymers. They are `green' (solvent-free), and industrially and economically viable. However, these conventional processing techniques are infrequently employed for the preparation of cellulose nanoparticle reinforced polymer nanocomposites. This is ascribed to inherent incompatibility and thermal stability issues. The hydrophilic nature of cellulose causes irreversible agglomeration during drying and aggregation in non-polar matrices because of the formation of additional hydrogen bonds between nanoparticles. Few solutions have been proposed to address this challenge. A glance at the literature shows the different strategies [38].
Optical properties of nanocellulose films
The optical properties of nanocellulose films can be investigated by determining the regular light transmittance with a UV-visible spectrometer. Measurements are performed in the wavelength range 2001000 nm. The regular light transmittance at 600 nm wavelength, which is in the middle of the visible wavelength range, is generally reported [47]. Films made only from MFC can be optically transparent if the cellulose nanofibers are densely packed, and the interstices between the fibers are small enough to avoid light scattering [48]. However, it was shown that mechanical compression performed on freeze-dried MFC did not result in transparency (Fig. 8). It was suggested that the nanofibers were deformed under load but recovered after unloading, and the spaces created resulted in light scattering. Films prepared by slow filtration, drying and compression were much more densely packed, and were not optically transparent but translucent (Fig. 8), probably because of surface light scattering. The films formed by filtration, presented a high transparency thanks to a polishing step with emery paper. The transparency of the MFC sheet (thickness 55 mm) reached 71.6% at a wavelength of 600 nm (Fig. 8). The transmittance at 600 nm of softwood and hardwood TEMPO-oxidized MFC films was found to be around 90% and 78%, respectively [49]. The lower light transmittance of hardwood cellulose was ascribed to the presence of xylan that was supposed to interfere in part with complete dispersion of the nanofibrils in water. Owing to their anisotropic rod-like morphology, CNCs display a specific property. In suspension, these nanoparticles have a
Mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites
Outstanding mechanical properties can be obtained by blending nanocellulose and a polymer matrix even at low filler loading [7,36]. Such properties originate from the high stiffness of crystalline cellulose that provides the strength to higher plants, the nanoscale dimensions and high aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, and the high reactivity of cellulose. In suitable conditions, a mechanically percolating stiff network of nanoparticles can form within the polymer matrix that supports the mechanical solicitation. The formation of this network is conditioned by the homogeneous dispersion of the filler, the percolation threshold that depends on the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, and the strength of the filler/filler interactions. This mechanical percolation phenomenon has been extensively reported in the literature [4648]. The stiffness of the percolating CNC was found to increase with the aspect ratio of the nanocrystals [46]. It therefore means that the use of higher aspect ratio CNC is more interesting from a mechanical point of view because it first induces a decrease of the critical percolation threshold and also stiffens the formed continuous network. In these conditions, the host polymeric matrix does not play any role in the mechanical stiffness of the material. It corresponds to the highest mechanical reinforcement effect that can be obtained from these nanoparticles. However, many parameters can affect this phenomenon [44]. When the formation of this percolating nanoparticle network is inhibited, only the high stiffness of crystalline cellulose, nanoscale dimensions, high aspect ratio and dispersion of the nanoparticles, and filler/matrix interactions are involved in the reinforcing phenomenon. Cellulose nanocrystal films produced from suspensions treated with increasing applied ultrasonic energy (0, 250, 700, 1800, and 7200 J gÀ1 of CNC) from left to right. Viewing is normal to the film surface under diffuse lighting. Scale marker 1 cm. Samples of CNC suspension were sonicated using a Sonics vibra-cell 130 W 20 kHz ultrasonic processor with a 6 mm diameter probe: typically, 15 mL of a 23 wt% CNC suspension was placed in a 50 mL plastic tube and sonicated at 60% of the maximum power. Prolonged sonication (to an energy input of over 3600 J/g CNC) was performed in an ice bath to prevent desulfation caused by heating of the suspension. lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior, that is, a phase transition from an isotropic liquid to an ordered liquid crystal when changing the concentration [5052]. Indeed, above a given concentration, a chiral nematic phase forms. Under certain conditions, the suspension may be slowly evaporated to obtain semi-translucent films that maintain the chiral nematic liquid crystal order formed in the suspension. These films exhibit iridescence reflecting polarized light in a narrow wavelength range determined by the chiral nematic pitch and the refractive index of the film. These optical properties are likely to generate new applications for CNC films. Ultrasound treatment was found to increase the chiral nematic pitch in suspension and red-shift the reflection wavelength of CNC films as the applied energy increased [53]. Fig. 9 shows solid films cast from aliquots of 2.8 wt% CNC suspensions prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from bleached softwood kraft pulp and sonicated with increasing (left to right) energy inputs. The energy was measured in J gÀ1 of CNC. The films exhibit reflected iridescence with colors ranging from blue-violet to red. By combining sonication and electrolyte addition the reflective properties of the film can be predictably tuned. The effects of sonicating a CNC suspension were shown to be cumulative and permanent. Moreover, suspensions sonicated with different energy inputs can be mixed to prepare films having a reflection band intermediate between those obtained from the individual suspensions. It was suggested that the ultrasound-induced red-shift is electrostatic in nature.
Barrier properties of nanocellulose films
There is an increasing interest in the barrier properties of nanocellulose films or related nanocomposites due to increased tortuosity provided by nanoparticles. Indeed, because of their small size, the surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoparticles is significantly greater than that for microparticles [17]. Most materials used for food packaging are practically non-degradable petrochemical based polymers, representing a serious environmental problem. The main reason for their use is due to their easiness of processability, low cost and excellent barrier properties. Barrier properties using bio-based materials are becoming increasingly desirable in our society to develop environmentally friendly efficient materials in different applications. Moreover, the low permeability of cellulose can be enhanced by the highly crystalline nature of cellulose nanoparticles and their ability to form a dense percolating network. Provided that strong particle-polymer molecular interactions exist, the smaller particles have a greater ability to bond to the surrounding polymer material, thereby reducing the chain segmental mobility and thus the penetrant diffusivity. Cellulose is a hydrophilic polymer and it obviously absorbs water when immersed in liquid water or conditioned in moist atmosphere. However, the water vapor permeability is decreased when the cellulose fibers are disintegrated to the nanoscale level [55]. Moreover, the sensitivity to moisture of the nanoparticles can be tuned via pre-treatment before homogenization [55,56] or post treatment (polymer impregnation [54,57], or chemical grafting [58,59]). The gas permeability is also reduced in dry atmospheres when decreasing the size of the cellulosic particles because of the crystalline and dense structure of the nanoparticle film [60,61]. However, this property is lost in moist atmosphere [62]. To improve the gas barrier properties of nanocellulose films at high relative humidity (RH) level, hybrid clay-MFC films can be prepared [63,64] or chemical modification of the nanoparticles can be performed [59]. Coating of polymer films with MFC layers has also been investigated as a new way to produce good barrier materials and as possible solution to retain the advantages of both cellulosic nanoparticles and polymers [49,65]. Whatever the treatment or the experimental conditions used to produce nanocellulose, it is seen as a new biomaterial for the creation of a good barrier for food packaging. Nanocomposite films extend food shelf-life, and also improve food quality as they can serve as carriers for active substances such as antioxidants and antimicrobials [66].
Conclusion
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of biomass as a source of renewable energy and materials. Despite being the most available natural polymer on earth, it is only quite recently that cellulose has gained prominence as a nanostructured material, in the form of nanocellulose. This term covers the range of materials derived from cellulose with at least one dimension in the nanometer range. It mainly consists of chemically (cellulose nanocrystals CNCs) or mechanically extracted nanoparticles (microfibrillated cellulose MFC). After intensive research, several initiatives have emerged in the perspective of producing nanocellulose on a large scale. Nanocellulose-based materials are carbonneutral, sustainable, recyclable and non-toxic. They thus have the potential to be truly green nanomaterials, with many useful and unexpected properties.
Materials Today Volume 16, Number 6 June 2013
RESEARCH
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More study needed to clarify impact of cellulose nanocrystals on health
By roy | 10 maart 2015
0 Comment
Are cellulose nanocrystals harmful to human health? The answer might depend on the route of exposure, according to a review of the literature by a Virginia Tech scientist, but there have been few studies and numerous questions remain.
Writing in the journal Industrial Biotechnology, Maren Roman, associate professor of sustainable biomaterials in the College of Natural Resources and Environment, pointed out discrepancies in studies of whether cellulose nanocrystals are toxic when inhaled or to particular cells in the body. She said more studies are needed to support research results that the nanocrystals are nontoxic to the skin or when swallowed.
Cellulose nanocrystals are produced from renewable materials, such as wood pulp. Biocompatible and biodegradable, the low-cost, high-value material is being studied for use in high-performance composites and optical films, as a thickening agent, and to deliver medicine in pills or by injection. But before a material can be commercialized, its impact on the environment and human health must be determined.
Roman, also associated with the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute at Virginia Tech, reviewed published studies about the effects of cellulose nanocrystals on the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, skin, and cells.
In the respiratory system, the body can clear particles from the throat and nasal areas by moving them toward the mouth. Particles are removed from the lungs through engulfment and degradation or movement upwards, depending on particle size and surface charge.
Early studies found tissue damage and inflammation depended on dose and specimen form — – dry powder versus suspension in a carrier liquid. A later animal study showed no ill effects from inhaled particles, but Roman pointed out that the size, shape, and surface charge of the particles were unknown.
Most studies of nanoparticles’ effect on the gastrointestinal tract — mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines — have shown that the particles pass through and are eliminated, Roman reported. However, some studies demonstrated that nano- and microparticles can penetrate the protective barrier of the intestine and reach the bloodstream.
Roman described the cellulose nanocrystals properties — size, electrostatic properties, molecular structure, and pH — that make their penetration unlikely but noted that there have only been two studies published on oral toxicity specifically of cellulose nanocrystals.
Most studies of nanoparticle skin exposure reported no unintentional permeation of nanoparticles through the outer layer of skin. The three published studies of cellulose nanocrystal toxicity upon skin exposure showed cellulose nanocrystals not to cause any skin sensitization skin tissue damage.
What if a nanoparticle reaches the cells, such as in the brain? Most studies also showed that cellulose nanocrystals are not toxic to cells, depending on the dose. The most serious impact was a 20 percent loss in viability of liver cells in rainbow trout.
Studies also looked at cells from humans, such as from the brain, throat, and eye, and from other animals. “The discrepancies in the results are not surprising,” said Roman, “considering that the studies all used different cell lines, cellulose sources, preparation procedures, and post-processing or sample preparation methods.”
She was also critical of much of the research for overlooking chemicals that could be present in cellulose nanocrystals from prior processing.
“Only by careful particle characterization and exclusion of interfering factors will we be able to develop a detailed understanding of the potential side health effects of cellulose nanocrystals,” Roman concluded.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Virginia Tech. Note: Materials could be edited for content and length.
____________________
[F1] How they are made with shredding and acid
[F2] In a scientific sense amorphous means lacking a crystalline structure, something without solid form. In a broader sense, the word describes anything that lacks a distinct shape or organizing theme
[F3] HCL and Sulphuric acid Break down cellulose fibres
[F4] Would seem to be one way to take this out or to negate this
[F5] This would appear to cause a huge disruptions
[F6] And this can be in people as well with the early development comes sloppy handling due to new ideas and not enough on them to dispose properly
[F7] 1. The quality or condition of being tortuous; twistedness or crookedness. 2. A bent or twisted part, passage, or thing.
[F8] These would carry a nanocontaminant since nanos can collect in the body and is showing to collect in some important areas where those areas can be the operating system of the body
See Also:
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review [HTML] (shorter version)
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review [PDF] (detailed version)
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals [DOC] (detailed version)
Pages To Read (with downloadable documents):
Nano Mark Assimilation
NANOCOMPONENTS AND EFFECTS ON LIFE AND ASSEMBLING
Nano Poisoning/Morgellons Disease
MY Note: The last sentence in the section called "Optical properties of nanocellulose films", is cut off in both the .html and .doc version.
Nanocellulose- a new ageless bionanomaterial [.doc] - download
Alain Dufresne
Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), CS10065, ` 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres Cedex, France
Owing to the hierarchical structure of cellulose, nanoparticles can be extracted from this naturally occurring polymer. Multiple mechanical shearing actions allow the release of more or fewer individual microfibrils. Longitudinal cutting of these microfibrils can be achieved by a strong acid hydrolysis treatment, allowing dissolution of amorphous domains. The impressive mechanical properties, reinforcing capabilities, abundance, low density, and biodegradability of these nanoparticles make them ideal candidates for the processing of polymer nanocomposites. With a Young's modulus in the range 100130 GPa and a surface area of several hundred m2 gÀ1, new promising properties can be considered for cellulose.
Introduction
Wood and plants are cellular hierarchical biocomposites produced by nature, and are essentially semicrystalline cellulose microfibrilreinforced amorphous matrices made of hemicellulose, lignin, waxes, extractive and trace elements [1]. Lignocellulosic fibers consist therefore of a cemented microfibril aggregate. As a consequence, the structure of plants spans many length scales, to provide maximum strength with a minimum of material. Wood, which is approximately 4050 wt% cellulose (half in nanocrystalline form and half in amorphous form), provides an example (Fig. 1). While the whole tree is on the scale of meters, centimeters describe structures within the cross-section, millimeters describe growth rings, tens of micrometers describe the cellular anatomy, micrometers describe the layer structure within cell walls, tens of nanometers describe the configuration of cellulose fibrils in a matrix mainly composed of hemicellulose and lignin, and nanometers describe the molecular structures of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and their chemical interactions [2]. In creation, cellulose is a ubiquitous structural polymer that confers its mechanical properties to higher plant cells. The hierarchical structure of natural fibers, based on their elementary nanofibrilar components, leads to the unique strength and high performance properties of different species of plants. Indeed, the most important attributes of wood and other lignocellulosic materials are their mechanical properties, in particular their unusual ability to provide high mechanical strength and high strength-to weight ratio while allowing for flexibility to counter large dimensional changes due to swelling and shrinking. In all terrestrial and aquatic plant species, the primary cell wall is a dynamic structure and its constituent material must be synthesized in a form that can undergo extension. There is an increasing demand for products made from renewable and sustainable non-petroleum based resources. Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on Earth, is renewable, biodegradable, as well as non-toxic. Purification of cellulose from plant fibers involves chemical treatments consisting of alkali extraction and bleaching. Owing to its hierarchical structure and semicrystalline nature, nanoparticles can be extracted from this naturally occurring polymer using a top-down mechanically or chemically induced deconstructing strategy. The potential of cellulosic nanoparticles or nanocellulose has been demonstrated for special functional nanomaterials [3] but it is as a biobased reinforcing nanofiller that such nanomaterials have attracted significant interest over the past 20 years [47]. However, the main challenge with nanoparticles is related to their homogeneous dispersion within a polymeric matrix. Moreover, cellulose nanoparticles have a strong tendency for self-association because of the omnipresence of interacting surface hydroxyl groups. This property, which is the basis of the strength of paper sheets, is a desirable feature for the formation of load-bearing percolating architectures within the host polymer matrix. However, these inter-particle interactions can cause aggregation during the preparation of the nanocomposite and limit the potential of mechanical reinforcement. This phenomenon is magnified when the size of the particle decreases.
Mechanically induced destructuring strategy
Multiple mechanical shearing actions applied to cellulosic fibers release more or fewer individual microfibrils. This material is usually called microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Different mechanical treatment procedures have been reported to prepare MFC. They mainly consist of high-pressure homogenization and/or grinding [7]. However, this production route is normally associated with high energy consumption for fiber delamination [8 10]. Therefore, different pretreatments have been proposed to facilitate this process, for example, mechanical cutting [11], acid hydrolysis [12], enzymatic pretreatment [13,14], and the introduction of charged groups through carboxymethylation [15] or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation [16]. After disintegration, MFC is typically obtained as a suspension in liquid, usually water. During homogenization, the suspension changes from a low viscosity to a high viscosity medium. Normally a 2 wt% fiber suspension is used for the preparation of MFC. At higher concentrations, the increased viscosity during processing becomes too high, such that the suspension cannot be moved forward by the pumping system. The MFC aqueous suspensions display a gel-like behavior as shown in Fig. 2. The production of MFC from wood pulp and various non-wood sources has been reported in the literature. The morphology of constitutive nanoparticles is generally characterized using microscopic techniques. Fig. 3 shows MFC obtained from Opuntia ficusindica. MFC consists of both individual and aggregated nanofibrils made of alternating crystalline and amorphous cellulose domains. Although image analysis can provide information on fibril width, it is more difficult to determine the length because of entanglement and difficulties in identifying both ends of individual nanoparticles. Indeed, the observation scale for length and diameter is quite different. The width is generally in the range 3100 nm depending on the source of cellulose, defibrillation process and pretreatment and the length is considered to be higher than 1 mm [7].
Chemically induced destructuring strategy
A controlled strong acid hydrolysis treatment can be applied to cellulosic fibers allowing dissolution of amorphous domains and therefore longitudinal cutting of the microfibrils. The ensuing nanoparticles are generally called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and are obtained as an aqueous suspension. When observed between crossed-Nicols the CNC dispersion shows the formation of birefringent domains (Fig. 4). During the acid hydrolysis process, the hydronium ions penetrate the cellulose chains in the amorphous regions promoting the hydrolytic cleavage of the glycosidic bonds and releasing individual crystallites after mechanical treatment (sonication). Different strong acids have been shown to successfully degrade cellulose fibers, but hydrochloric and sulfuric acids have been extensively used. However, phosphoric [20], hydrobromic [21,22] and nitric acids [23] have also been reported for the preparation of crystalline cellulosic nanoparticles. One of the main reasons for using sulfuric acid as hydrolyzing agent is its reaction with the surface hydroxyl groups via an esterification process allowing the grafting of anionic sulfate ester groups. The presence of these negatively charged groups induces the formation of a negative electrostatic layer covering the nanocrystals and promotes their dispersion in water. However, it compromises the thermostability of the nanoparticles [24]. To increase the thermal stability of H2SO4-prepared nanocrystals, neutralization of the nanoparticles by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be carried out [25]. These nanoparticles occur as high aspect ratio rod-like nanocrystals, or whiskers. Their geometrical dimensions depend on the origin of the cellulose substrate and hydrolysis conditions. Fig. 5 shows CNCs obtained from two different cellulosic sources. Each rod can be considered as a cellulose crystal with no apparent defect. CNCs generally present a relatively broad distribution in length because of the diffusion-controlled nature of the acid hydrolysis. The average length is generally of the order of a few hundreds nanometers and the width is of the order of a few nanometers [6]. An important parameter for CNCs is the aspect ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the length to the width. It varies between 10 for cotton [27] and 67 for tunicin [26] or capim dourado (golden grass) [19]. Acid hydrolysis is the classical way of preparing CNCs. However, other processes allowing the release of crystalline domains from cellulosic fibers have more recently been reported, including enzymatic hydrolysis treatment [28], TEMPO oxidation [29], hydrolysis with gaseous acid [30], and treatment with ionic liquids [31].
Mechanical properties of cellulose nanoparticles
Cellulose has been used by our society as an engineering material for thousands of years. However, even if cellulose confers its mechanical properties to higher plant cells, the mechanical properties of natural fibers are strongly influenced by many factors, particularly chemical composition and location in plants. Other factors that may affect the fiber properties are maturity, separating processes, microscopic and molecular defects such as pits and nods, type of soil and weather conditions under which they were grown. Further improved fibers and composites can be obtained by disintegrating the natural grown fibers, and separating the almost defect free highly crystalline fibrils. The mechanical properties of cellulose microfibrils should be higher and less dispersed than those of lignocellulosic fibers from which they are released from because of a more homogeneous nature. Different strategies, both theoretical and experimental, have been used to determine the longitudinal modulus of cellulose microfibrils (or bundles)
RESEARCH
Processing of polymer nanocomposites
Cellulose nanoparticles have a strong tendency for self-association because of the omnipresence of interacting surface hydroxyl groups. This property, which is the basis of the strength of paper sheets, is a desirable feature for the formation of load-bearing percolating architectures within the host polymer matrix. However, these inter-particle interactions can cause aggregation during the preparation of the nanocomposite thus inducing the loss of the nanoscale and limit the potential of mechanical reinforcement. This aggregation phenomenon is magnified when the specific surface area increases and then when the size of the particle decreases. Different strategies have been reported in the literature to homogeneously mix cellulose nanoparticles with a polymeric matrix. These different strategies are summarized in Fig. 6 and detailed information can be found elsewhere [35]. Because of the good dispersion level of cellulose nanoparticles in water, it is obviously the most suitable processing medium. Both water-soluble polymers and polymer aqueous dispersions (latex) can be used. After mixing the cellulose nanoparticle dispersion with the polymer solution/dispersion, a solid nanocomposite film can be obtained by simple casting and water evaporation. This mode of processing allows the preservation of the individualization state reported. However, the average value is around 100 GPa, that is, much higher than for cellulose fibers. The modulus of cellulose microfibrils is expected to result from a mixing rule between the modulus of the crystalline domains and the amorphous fraction. Therefore, it should be higher for more The different strategies applied for the processing of nanocellulose reinforced polymer nanocomposites crystalline CNCs. Again a broad range of values was reported [7]. However, the average value is around 130 GPa, that is, much higher than for cellulose microfibrils as expected. These impressive mechanical properties make cellulose nanoparticles ideal candidates for the processing of reinforced polymer composites. The Young's modulus of nanocellulose with a density for crystalline cellulose of around 1.51.6 g cmÀ3 is much higher than the one of glass fibers, around 70 GPa [32] with a density around 2.6 g cmÀ3, which are classically used in composite applications. It is similar to Kevlar (60125 GPa, density around 1.45 g cmÀ3) [33] and potentially stronger than steel (200 220 GPa, density around 8 g cmÀ3) [34]. Indeed, the specific Young's modulus, which is the ratio between the Young's modulus and the density, of nanocellulose is around 65 J gÀ1 for microfibrils and 85 J gÀ1 for nanocrystals whereas it is around 25 J gÀ1 for steel of the nanoparticles resulting from their colloidal dispersion in water. A copolymer of styrene and butyl acrylate (poly(S-co-BuA)) in latex form and tunicin nanocrystals were used in the pioneering work [36]. Water has been extensively used as a processing medium but stable suspensions of CNCs with negatively charged surface groups, commonly produced by hydrolysis of the native cellulose with sulfuric acid, can be obtained in various polar liquid media. For instance, stable CNC suspensions have been prepared in N,Ndimethyl sulfoxide (DMF) [37], dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Nmethyl pyrrolidine (NMP), formic acid and m-cresol [38]. Casting from a mixture of solvents can also be used to prepare nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites. By this method, the aqueous suspension of nanoparticles is mixed with a polymer solution involving a solvent miscible with water, for example, tetrahydrofuran (THF) [39]. A solvent exchange procedure can be applied to suspend cellulosic nanoparticles in the proper liquid medium for further surface chemical modification, or mixing with a polymer solution or monomer for subsequent in situ polymerization [40]. The aqueous suspension is progressively solvent exchanged in liquids of decreasing polarity by several successive centrifugation and redispersion operations, using sonication after each solvent exchange step to avoid aggregation. Acetone is routinely used for the first solvent exchange step. Stable cellulose nanoparticle dispersions in apolar or low polarity solvent can be obtained by physically coating the surface with a surfactant [41,42] or chemically grafting apolar moieties onto the surface. Both methods allow the tuning of the surface and a decrease of the surface energy of the nanoparticle. The surface chemical modification of cellulose nanoparticles obviously involves the ample surface hydroxyl groups resulting from their nanoscale dimensions and ensuing high surface area. Experimental conditions should avoid swelling media and the peeling effect of surface-grafted chains inducing their dissolution in the reaction medium. Therefore, the chemical grafting process has to be mild to preserve the integrity of the nanoparticle. The most common surface chemical modifications of CNCs are summarized in Fig. 7. They can be categorized into three distinctive groups, namely (1) substitution of hydroxyl groups with small molecules (as indicated with red arrows in Fig. 7), (2) polymer grafting based on the `grafting onto' strategy with different coupling agents (as indicated with blue arrows in Fig. 7), and (3) polymer grafting based on the `grafting from' approach with a radical polymerization involving ring opening polymerization (ROP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LP) (as indicated with yellow arrows in Fig. 7). The chemically modified nanoparticles can be dispersed in organic liquids of low polarity and mixed with a polymer solution or eventually directly added into the polymer melt after drying. However, two conflicting effects arise from this procedure. On the one hand, it allows an improvement in the dispersion of the modified nanoparticles in the continuous apolar medium which is beneficial to optimize the mechanical properties of the ensuing nanocomposite. On the other hand, it restricts the interactions between nanoparticles through hydrogen-bonding which is the basis of the outstanding mechanical properties of nanocellulose based nanocomposites. The previous processing techniques used mainly a liquid as the processing medium and are mainly restricted to wet processing methods such as casting/evaporation, which has been extensively used. The main advantage of this strategy relies in the fact that it allows preserving the dispersion state of the nanoparticles in the liquid. However, it limits the number of polymer matrices that can be used in association with cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, this procedure is both non-industrial and non-economic. It should be used for niche applications. Several organizations have announced nanocellulose demonstration plants [7]. Therefore, more industrial nanocomposite processing techniques should be developed. Melt-compounding techniques, such as extrusion or injection molding, are commonly used to process thermoplastic polymers. They are `green' (solvent-free), and industrially and economically viable. However, these conventional processing techniques are infrequently employed for the preparation of cellulose nanoparticle reinforced polymer nanocomposites. This is ascribed to inherent incompatibility and thermal stability issues. The hydrophilic nature of cellulose causes irreversible agglomeration during drying and aggregation in non-polar matrices because of the formation of additional hydrogen bonds between nanoparticles. Few solutions have been proposed to address this challenge. A glance at the literature shows the different strategies [38].
Optical properties of nanocellulose films
The optical properties of nanocellulose films can be investigated by determining the regular light transmittance with a UV-visible spectrometer. Measurements are performed in the wavelength range 2001000 nm. The regular light transmittance at 600 nm wavelength, which is in the middle of the visible wavelength range, is generally reported [47]. Films made only from MFC can be optically transparent if the cellulose nanofibers are densely packed, and the interstices between the fibers are small enough to avoid light scattering [48]. However, it was shown that mechanical compression performed on freeze-dried MFC did not result in transparency (Fig. 8). It was suggested that the nanofibers were deformed under load but recovered after unloading, and the spaces created resulted in light scattering. Films prepared by slow filtration, drying and compression were much more densely packed, and were not optically transparent but translucent (Fig. 8), probably because of surface light scattering. The films formed by filtration, presented a high transparency thanks to a polishing step with emery paper. The transparency of the MFC sheet (thickness 55 mm) reached 71.6% at a wavelength of 600 nm (Fig. 8). The transmittance at 600 nm of softwood and hardwood TEMPO-oxidized MFC films was found to be around 90% and 78%, respectively [49]. The lower light transmittance of hardwood cellulose was ascribed to the presence of xylan that was supposed to interfere in part with complete dispersion of the nanofibrils in water. Owing to their anisotropic rod-like morphology, CNCs display a specific property. In suspension, these nanoparticles have a
Mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites
Outstanding mechanical properties can be obtained by blending nanocellulose and a polymer matrix even at low filler loading [7,36]. Such properties originate from the high stiffness of crystalline cellulose that provides the strength to higher plants, the nanoscale dimensions and high aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, and the high reactivity of cellulose. In suitable conditions, a mechanically percolating stiff network of nanoparticles can form within the polymer matrix that supports the mechanical solicitation. The formation of this network is conditioned by the homogeneous dispersion of the filler, the percolation threshold that depends on the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, and the strength of the filler/filler interactions. This mechanical percolation phenomenon has been extensively reported in the literature [4648]. The stiffness of the percolating CNC was found to increase with the aspect ratio of the nanocrystals [46]. It therefore means that the use of higher aspect ratio CNC is more interesting from a mechanical point of view because it first induces a decrease of the critical percolation threshold and also stiffens the formed continuous network. In these conditions, the host polymeric matrix does not play any role in the mechanical stiffness of the material. It corresponds to the highest mechanical reinforcement effect that can be obtained from these nanoparticles. However, many parameters can affect this phenomenon [44]. When the formation of this percolating nanoparticle network is inhibited, only the high stiffness of crystalline cellulose, nanoscale dimensions, high aspect ratio and dispersion of the nanoparticles, and filler/matrix interactions are involved in the reinforcing phenomenon. Cellulose nanocrystal films produced from suspensions treated with increasing applied ultrasonic energy (0, 250, 700, 1800, and 7200 J gÀ1 of CNC) from left to right. Viewing is normal to the film surface under diffuse lighting. Scale marker 1 cm. Samples of CNC suspension were sonicated using a Sonics vibra-cell 130 W 20 kHz ultrasonic processor with a 6 mm diameter probe: typically, 15 mL of a 23 wt% CNC suspension was placed in a 50 mL plastic tube and sonicated at 60% of the maximum power. Prolonged sonication (to an energy input of over 3600 J/g CNC) was performed in an ice bath to prevent desulfation caused by heating of the suspension. lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior, that is, a phase transition from an isotropic liquid to an ordered liquid crystal when changing the concentration [5052]. Indeed, above a given concentration, a chiral nematic phase forms. Under certain conditions, the suspension may be slowly evaporated to obtain semi-translucent films that maintain the chiral nematic liquid crystal order formed in the suspension. These films exhibit iridescence reflecting polarized light in a narrow wavelength range determined by the chiral nematic pitch and the refractive index of the film. These optical properties are likely to generate new applications for CNC films. Ultrasound treatment was found to increase the chiral nematic pitch in suspension and red-shift the reflection wavelength of CNC films as the applied energy increased [53]. Fig. 9 shows solid films cast from aliquots of 2.8 wt% CNC suspensions prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from bleached softwood kraft pulp and sonicated with increasing (left to right) energy inputs. The energy was measured in J gÀ1 of CNC. The films exhibit reflected iridescence with colors ranging from blue-violet to red. By combining sonication and electrolyte addition the reflective properties of the film can be predictably tuned. The effects of sonicating a CNC suspension were shown to be cumulative and permanent. Moreover, suspensions sonicated with different energy inputs can be mixed to prepare films having a reflection band intermediate between those obtained from the individual suspensions. It was suggested that the ultrasound-induced red-shift is electrostatic in nature.
Barrier properties of nanocellulose films
There is an increasing interest in the barrier properties of nanocellulose films or related nanocomposites due to increased tortuosity provided by nanoparticles. Indeed, because of their small size, the surface-to-volume ratio of the nanoparticles is significantly greater than that for microparticles [17]. Most materials used for food packaging are practically non-degradable petrochemical based polymers, representing a serious environmental problem. The main reason for their use is due to their easiness of processability, low cost and excellent barrier properties. Barrier properties using bio-based materials are becoming increasingly desirable in our society to develop environmentally friendly efficient materials in different applications. Moreover, the low permeability of cellulose can be enhanced by the highly crystalline nature of cellulose nanoparticles and their ability to form a dense percolating network. Provided that strong particle-polymer molecular interactions exist, the smaller particles have a greater ability to bond to the surrounding polymer material, thereby reducing the chain segmental mobility and thus the penetrant diffusivity. Cellulose is a hydrophilic polymer and it obviously absorbs water when immersed in liquid water or conditioned in moist atmosphere. However, the water vapor permeability is decreased when the cellulose fibers are disintegrated to the nanoscale level [55]. Moreover, the sensitivity to moisture of the nanoparticles can be tuned via pre-treatment before homogenization [55,56] or post treatment (polymer impregnation [54,57], or chemical grafting [58,59]). The gas permeability is also reduced in dry atmospheres when decreasing the size of the cellulosic particles because of the crystalline and dense structure of the nanoparticle film [60,61]. However, this property is lost in moist atmosphere [62]. To improve the gas barrier properties of nanocellulose films at high relative humidity (RH) level, hybrid clay-MFC films can be prepared [63,64] or chemical modification of the nanoparticles can be performed [59]. Coating of polymer films with MFC layers has also been investigated as a new way to produce good barrier materials and as possible solution to retain the advantages of both cellulosic nanoparticles and polymers [49,65]. Whatever the treatment or the experimental conditions used to produce nanocellulose, it is seen as a new biomaterial for the creation of a good barrier for food packaging. Nanocomposite films extend food shelf-life, and also improve food quality as they can serve as carriers for active substances such as antioxidants and antimicrobials [66].
Conclusion
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of biomass as a source of renewable energy and materials. Despite being the most available natural polymer on earth, it is only quite recently that cellulose has gained prominence as a nanostructured material, in the form of nanocellulose. This term covers the range of materials derived from cellulose with at least one dimension in the nanometer range. It mainly consists of chemically (cellulose nanocrystals CNCs) or mechanically extracted nanoparticles (microfibrillated cellulose MFC). After intensive research, several initiatives have emerged in the perspective of producing nanocellulose on a large scale. Nanocellulose-based materials are carbonneutral, sustainable, recyclable and non-toxic. They thus have the potential to be truly green nanomaterials, with many useful and unexpected properties.
Materials Today Volume 16, Number 6 June 2013
RESEARCH
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More study needed to clarify impact of cellulose nanocrystals on health
By roy | 10 maart 2015
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Are cellulose nanocrystals harmful to human health? The answer might depend on the route of exposure, according to a review of the literature by a Virginia Tech scientist, but there have been few studies and numerous questions remain.
Writing in the journal Industrial Biotechnology, Maren Roman, associate professor of sustainable biomaterials in the College of Natural Resources and Environment, pointed out discrepancies in studies of whether cellulose nanocrystals are toxic when inhaled or to particular cells in the body. She said more studies are needed to support research results that the nanocrystals are nontoxic to the skin or when swallowed.
Cellulose nanocrystals are produced from renewable materials, such as wood pulp. Biocompatible and biodegradable, the low-cost, high-value material is being studied for use in high-performance composites and optical films, as a thickening agent, and to deliver medicine in pills or by injection. But before a material can be commercialized, its impact on the environment and human health must be determined.
Roman, also associated with the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute at Virginia Tech, reviewed published studies about the effects of cellulose nanocrystals on the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, skin, and cells.
In the respiratory system, the body can clear particles from the throat and nasal areas by moving them toward the mouth. Particles are removed from the lungs through engulfment and degradation or movement upwards, depending on particle size and surface charge.
Early studies found tissue damage and inflammation depended on dose and specimen form — – dry powder versus suspension in a carrier liquid. A later animal study showed no ill effects from inhaled particles, but Roman pointed out that the size, shape, and surface charge of the particles were unknown.
Most studies of nanoparticles’ effect on the gastrointestinal tract — mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines — have shown that the particles pass through and are eliminated, Roman reported. However, some studies demonstrated that nano- and microparticles can penetrate the protective barrier of the intestine and reach the bloodstream.
Roman described the cellulose nanocrystals properties — size, electrostatic properties, molecular structure, and pH — that make their penetration unlikely but noted that there have only been two studies published on oral toxicity specifically of cellulose nanocrystals.
Most studies of nanoparticle skin exposure reported no unintentional permeation of nanoparticles through the outer layer of skin. The three published studies of cellulose nanocrystal toxicity upon skin exposure showed cellulose nanocrystals not to cause any skin sensitization skin tissue damage.
What if a nanoparticle reaches the cells, such as in the brain? Most studies also showed that cellulose nanocrystals are not toxic to cells, depending on the dose. The most serious impact was a 20 percent loss in viability of liver cells in rainbow trout.
Studies also looked at cells from humans, such as from the brain, throat, and eye, and from other animals. “The discrepancies in the results are not surprising,” said Roman, “considering that the studies all used different cell lines, cellulose sources, preparation procedures, and post-processing or sample preparation methods.”
She was also critical of much of the research for overlooking chemicals that could be present in cellulose nanocrystals from prior processing.
“Only by careful particle characterization and exclusion of interfering factors will we be able to develop a detailed understanding of the potential side health effects of cellulose nanocrystals,” Roman concluded.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Virginia Tech. Note: Materials could be edited for content and length.
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[F1] How they are made with shredding and acid
[F2] In a scientific sense amorphous means lacking a crystalline structure, something without solid form. In a broader sense, the word describes anything that lacks a distinct shape or organizing theme
[F3] HCL and Sulphuric acid Break down cellulose fibres
[F4] Would seem to be one way to take this out or to negate this
[F5] This would appear to cause a huge disruptions
[F6] And this can be in people as well with the early development comes sloppy handling due to new ideas and not enough on them to dispose properly
[F7] 1. The quality or condition of being tortuous; twistedness or crookedness. 2. A bent or twisted part, passage, or thing.
[F8] These would carry a nanocontaminant since nanos can collect in the body and is showing to collect in some important areas where those areas can be the operating system of the body
See Also:
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review [HTML] (shorter version)
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review [PDF] (detailed version)
Toxicity of Cellulose Nanocrystals [DOC] (detailed version)
Pages To Read (with downloadable documents):
Nano Mark Assimilation
NANOCOMPONENTS AND EFFECTS ON LIFE AND ASSEMBLING
Nano Poisoning/Morgellons Disease
MY Note: The last sentence in the section called "Optical properties of nanocellulose films", is cut off in both the .html and .doc version.
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